Jamshedpur (/ˈdʒɑːmʃɛdpɔːr/, pronunciation (help·info)) is the most populous urban agglomeration in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is named after Tata Group founder Jamsetji Tata.
Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. According to the 2011 census of India, Jamshedpur (East Singhbhum & Seraikela-Kharsawan) district has a current population of 1,337,131; the Jamshedpur urban agglomeration (UA), which includes the adjoining areas and the country's 36th-largest urban agglomeration. It is the first planned city of India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city. Jamshedpur is home to the world's eighth largest steel manufacturing company, Tata Steel.[5]
Jamshedpur Tatanagar | |
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Jamshedpur | |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Clockwise from top: Sakchi Golchakkar(Roundabout), TCE Building, 1km Walker's Path (Sonari-Kadma Link Road), View of Tata Steel Plant from JRD Tata Sports Complex, Bat Island in Jayanti Sarovar, JRD Tata Sports Complex | |
Nickname(s): Steel City | |
![]() ![]() Jamshedpur Location of Jamshedpur in Jharkhand | |
Coordinates: 22°47′N 86°12′E / 22.783°N 86.200°ECoordinates: 22°47′N 86°12′E / 22.783°N 86.200°E | |
Country | India |
State | Jharkhand |
District | East Singhbhum |
Senior Superintendent of Police | Shri Anoop Birthare (IPS) |
Deputy Commissioner | Shri Amit Kumar (IAS) |
Founded by | Jamsetji Tata |
Area | |
• Metropolis | 209 km2 (81 sq mi) |
Elevation | 159 m (522 ft) |
Population (2011)[2] | |
• Metropolis | 1,337,131 |
• Density | 6,400/km2 (17,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 631,364 |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 831001 to 831xxx |
Telephone code | 0657 |
Vehicle registration | JH-05 |
Literacy | 85.94% |
Official language[3] | Hindi |
Second languages | English, Odia, Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu, Santhali, Ho, Kurukh, Mundari, Kharia, Nagpuri, Panchpargania, Khortha and Kurmali.[4] |
Website | www |
In 1919 Lord Chelmsford named the city, which was earlier a village called Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in honour of its founder, Jamsetji Tata, whose birthday is celebrated on 3 March as Founder's Day. [6] J. N. Tata had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the area. On Founders Day, which is 3 March, the 225-acre (0.91 km2) Jubilee Park is decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.[7]
The city has several nicknames, including "Industrial capital of Jharkhand" (spontaneous among native youngsters); "Steel City" (which was referenced during Tata Steel's "Green City—Clean City—Steel City" campaign); "Tatanagar" after the name of its railway station or simply "Tata" in deference to the presence of Tata companies. At one time it was also known as "Kalimati" (meaning "Land of Black soil") after the village near the Sakchi area. Sakchi was renamed to Jamshedpur in 1919.[8] The only trace of the name is the main road through Sakchi area of Jamshedpur which is named Kalimati Road.
At the end of the 19th century, Jamsetji Tata met steelmakers in Pittsburgh to get the most advanced technology for his plant. It is said that he got the idea of building a steel plant when he heard Thomas Carlyle declaring that "the nation which gains control of iron soon acquires the control of gold" in a lecture in Manchester.[9] At the turn of the twentieth century, Jamshetji Tata asked geologist Charles Page Perin to help him find the site to build India's first steel plant. The search for a site rich in iron, coal, limestone and water began in April 1904 in today's Madhya Pradesh. Then Maharaja of Mayurbhanj appointed in his court renowned geologist Shri Pramatha Nath Bose, who had been instrumental in setting up of the steel plant at Sakchi. Bose, on the request of the Maharaja of Mayurbhanj, surveyed the Gorumahisani hills of Babanghati region of then Mayurbhanja state, and found Hematite deposit there. P. N. Bose insisted Jamsetji Tata choose Sakchi for his dream plant.
The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of inhospitable terrain to find a location. One day they came across a village called Sakchi, on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal choice and the place was selected.[10]
In 1908 the construction of the plant as well as the city officially began.[10] The first steel ingot was rolled on 16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.[11]
Jamsetji's plan for the city was clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers' hutments. He insisted upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Jamsetji Tata had said, "Be sure to lay wide streets planted with shady trees, every other of a quick-growing variety. Be sure that there is plenty of space for lawns and gardens; reserve large areas for football, hockey and parks; earmark areas for Hindu temples, Muslim mosques and Christian churches."
Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur.[12] What the city looks like today is a testament to their visionary plans.[13] Jamshedpur is the only million plus city in India without a municipal corporation.
Legend has it that in the late 1980s when the state government proposed a law to end the Tatas' administration of Jamshedpur and bring the city under a municipality, the local populace rose in protest and defeated the government's proposal. In 2005, a similar proposal was once again put up by lobbying politicians. The target audience was the working class. A large majority sided with the government and set up protest meetings outside the East-Singhbhum Deputy Commissioner's office. However, the objective was never achieved and Jamshedpur remains without a municipality.[14][15][16]
Jamshedpur is situated in the southern end of the state of Jharkhand and is bordered by the states of Odisha and West Bengal. The average elevation of the city is 135 metres[17] while the range is from 129 m to 151 m.[18] Total geographical area of Jamshedpur is 209 km square.[19] Jamshedpur is primarily located in a hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east and covered with dense forests. The other smaller hill ranges near the city are Ukam Hill and the Jadugoda-musabani hill range.[20] The city is also a part of the larger Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The region is formed of the sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks belonging to the Dharwarian period.
Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of Kharkai and Subarnarekha Rivers. Subarnarekha is the principal river of Jamshedpur, which flows from west to south-eastern part of the territory. Many small rivers, especially the tributaries, join the Subarnarekha river in this area. Kharkai flows from the south and joins the Subarnarekha river at a place called Domuhani. The two rivers are the major sources of drinking water and groundwater for the city. Several lakes of varying size are also located near the fringes of the city. The major of them being the Dimna lake located in between the Dalma range and the Sitarampur reservoir situated beside Kharkai river. It's also a major tourist spot in the region.[21] Both of them also act as reservoirs for drinking water in the city.
The city falls under deciduous type of forest region and the green cover is estimated to be around 33% of the total land area.[22] The city falls under the Seismic Zone II region.[23]
Jamshedpur features a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw). Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in May and June. The temperature variation during summer is from 35 to 49 °C (95 to 120 °F). The minimum temperature during winters is 5 °C (41 °F). The climate of Jamshedpur is marked by south-west monsoon. Jamshedpur gets heavy rainfall from July to September and receives about 1,200 mm (47 in) of rainfall annually.
Climate data for Jamshedpur, India (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.6 (94.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
42.5 (108.5) |
46.3 (115.3) |
46.5 (115.7) |
46.6 (115.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
46.6 (115.9) |
Average high °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.8 (101.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
32.2 (90.0) |
Average low °C (°F) | 11.5 (52.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14.7 (0.58) |
26.8 (1.06) |
33.0 (1.30) |
36.2 (1.43) |
79.5 (3.13) |
267.7 (10.54) |
331.1 (13.04) |
354.7 (13.96) |
260.5 (10.26) |
80.5 (3.17) |
10.1 (0.40) |
13.5 (0.53) |
1,508.5 (59.39) |
Average rainy days | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 5.8 | 11.7 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 11.8 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 77.5 |
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[24][25] |
Jamshedpur is home to the first private iron and steel company of India. The areas surrounding Jamshedpur are rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, manganese bauxite and lime. It is a modern, industrial city; the main industries being iron and steel, truck manufacturing, tinplate production, cement and other small and medium scale industries revolving around these products.
The largest factory is that of Tata Steel (the erstwhile Tata Iron and Steel Company or TISCO), situated almost at the centre of the city. Tata Steel is the largest iron and steel producing plant in India, as well as the oldest.[26]
Tata Steel has been recognised as the best integrated steel plant twelve times; having won the PM's Trophy ten times and received the Certificate for Excellence twice.
The other major factory in the city is Tata Motors with Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd, which manufactures heavy vehicles and construction/earth moving equipment. Tata Motors was previously called The Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO), as railway locomotives were once manufactured here. The plant spreads over 822 acres, is one of the largest in the country, and at peak rate can roll out 450 vehicles per day.[27]
Jamshedpur is home to TATA Cummins Private Limited (Formerly, TATA Cummins Limited), Tayo Rolls Limited, TRF, JUSCO and Tinplate Company of India Limited. Apart from the above large corporates, Jamshedpur has a varied and powerful industrial base established at Adityapur Industrial Area (managed by AIADA). Jugsalai is key market for wholesalers while Sakchi is popular retail low cost market.
According to the 2011 census of India,[28] the city of Jamshedpur had a population of 725,623, but the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 1,337,131. The city is designated as a Million Plus Urban Agglomeration as per Government terminology.[29] Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Tribals constitute around 28% of the population. Jamshedpur has an average literacy rate of 85.94% – higher than the national average of 74%. In Jamshedpur, 11.5% of the population is under six years of age.[30]
The civic administration of the city is under Greater Jamshedpur Metropolitan Region, Govt of Jharkhand.
The major urban local bodies are :
Tatanagar Junction is a railway junction and an A-1 category model station on the Chakradharpur division, of the South Eastern Railway. Other railway stations in the city are Adityapur, Gamharia, Kandra, Govindpur etc.
Jamshedpur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:
Sonari Airport is a tiny airport serving the city at present. It is spread over a 25-acre area in the Sonari area of the city. The airport is primarily used for bringing in chartered planes of TATA group.
Dhalbhumgarh Airport is a proposed public airport located at Dhalbhumgarh, in the state of Jharkhand, India as a Greenfield airport for Jamshedpur. It will be built on the site of an abandoned World War II airfield situated 60 kilometres from Jamshedpur on NH-33. The old airfield was built around 1942, as an ancillary runway for other airfields in the vicinity that were being built around India’s eastern frontier as part of the war effort. It was one of the airfields used by Allied forces to repel the advancing Japanese troops and to maintain transport links with China. As the Japanese forces came to control shipping in the China Sea, seaborne supply routes to China were cut and the difficult, 500 km route over the Himalayas was increasingly used. The airfield was abandoned after the war.
The technical team of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted survey in 2017 and approved the Dhalbhumgarh site for a greenfield airport. The government plans to invest Rs 300 crore through AAI for the new airport which will have a 3 kilometre long runway. In January 2018, Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha announced that the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the Jharkhand Government would sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the construction of Dhalbhumgarh Airport.
Important educational institutions in Jamshedpur are: the XLRI, which is ranked among the best B-schools in India, founded in 1949; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, established in 1961; and the engineering college National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, an Institute of National Importance.[31][32]
The National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru.[33]
Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute (SNTI), established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000 volume library is one of the most popular in the city.[34][35]
Indo Danish Tool Room (IDTR), established in 1990. It is a Dantool Project College that engage in designing and manufacturing of press tools, mould, welding fixtures etc. It is equipped with all latest designing software and CNC machines
Jamshedpur has a reputation as the sports capital of Jharkhand with Tata Steel promoting sporting activities. Jamshedpur's private clubs provide opportunities for activities, such as golf, tennis, squash, billiards, horseriding and water scootering.
Jamshedpur FC is an ISL team based in Jamshedpur. The team is owned by Tata Steel.[37]
Academies and stadiums include:
JRD Tata Sports Complex has an international standard multi-use stadium and an eight-lane monosynthetic track. It is primarily used for football and athletics but it has facilities for various other sports including archery, basketball, field hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, skating, yoga as well as a modern gymnasium, are available at the complex. The stadium hosted the women football competition & archery event of the 34th National Games in 2011.[38]
Keenan Stadium hosted its 1st International One Day Cricket match on 7 December 1983 in which India lost to the touring West Indies Team. Many other International matches have been played here in which India has won only one match against South Africa in 1999–2000.
Tata Football Academy was started in 1987 to nurture budding Indian footballers and raise the standard of Indian football. TFA is a football club in Jamshedpur, sponsored by Tata Steel. Today, Tata Football Academy is one of the premier football breeding grounds in India.
Tata Archery Academy: archery is a sport indigenous to the tribal people of Chhotanagpur and Santhal Pargana. Tata Steel has pursued and nurtured the local tribals and provided them with facilities and training to bring them up to international competition standards in archery. Its students have attributed a lot of fame to the institute by bringing in many medals in National and International competitions.[39]
Tata Steel Adventure Foundation – Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, is the director of Tata Steel Adventure Foundation.[40]
Jamshedpur has two golf courses—the Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. Both these courses are at the heart of the city. The biggest is the Beldih Golf Course which is around 6,000 yards. The Golmuri Golf Course although smaller is also challenging. They together hold the annual Tata Open Golf Tournament which is an event held under the support of the Professional Golf Tour of India. The tournament was started in 2002. Jamshedpur also has the Jamshedpur Gliding Club and the Jamshedpur Co-operative Flying club.[41] [42]
Hindi, English and Bengali newspapers are published from the city, including Dainik Jagran, The Telegraph, Dainik Bhaskar, Hindustan Dainik, The Times of India, Prabhat Khabar, The Pioneer and The Avenue Mail.[43]
The 2017–18 Indian Super League season was the fourth season of the Indian Super League, one of the top Indian professional football leagues, since its establishment in 2013. The regular season started on 17 November 2017 and ended on 4 March 2018, The finals began on 7 March 2018, concluding with the final on 17 March 2018. ATK were the defending champions from the 2016 season, however they could not advance to the playoffs. Chennaiyin won their second Indian Super League title by defeating Bengaluru 3–2 in the final.Two new sides joined the league as expansion teams: Bengaluru and Jamshedpur. The two new clubs are the ninth and tenth teams in the league. This made it the first edition of the ISL in which there are more than eight teams participating. As well as expanding two teams, the league also expanded two more months, being played in five months instead of three.
2018–19 Indian Super League seasonThe 2018–19 Indian Super League season is the fifth season of the Indian Super League, one of the top Indian professional football leagues, since its establishment in 2013. The regular season began on 29 September 2018 and is scheduled to conclude in March 2019. The league will take a mid-season break for around one month from 17 December 2018 to early January 2019 due to India's participation in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup.Chennaiyin are the defending champions, having defeated Bengaluru in the 2018 final.
Bikash JairuBikash Jairu (born 10 November 1990) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Jamshedpur in the Indian Super League.
Imtiaz Ali (director)Imtiaz Ali (born 16 June 1971) is an Indian film director, producer and writer. He started his career with writing and directing television shows. He directed shows like Imtehaan, Naina and Kurukshetra. In 2005 he made his directorial debut with Socha Na Tha, that did not do well. Then he earned critical and commercial success for his direction of Jab We Met (2007). Love Aaj Kal (2009) and Rockstar (2011) made him a noted filmmaker.
Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)Jamshedpur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 14 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Jharkhand state in eastern India. This constituency covers the entire East Singhbhum district.
Jamshedpur FCJamshedpur Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. The club has competed as a member of Indian Super League since the 2017–18 season under licence from the All India Football Federation (AIFF). The club was established on 12 June 2017, when Tata Steel won the bidding rights for one of two expansion spots in the Indian Super League.
The club is owned by Tata Steel, a subsidiary of the Tata Group. Jamshedpur FC is the first club in the Indian Super League to have its own Stadium and its own training ground. They used graduate from Tata Football Academy (TFA) founded by Tata.
List of educational institutes in JamshedpurThis is a list of educational institutes in (jamshedpur)
List of telecom companies in IndiaThe total number of telephone subscribers in India reached 1,193.72 million as on 30 November 2018. The number of wireless subscribers are 1,171.76 million and the number of wireline subscribers are 21.96 million.
Mango (Jamshedpur)Mango is a suburb of Jamshedpur city. It is situated across the Subarnarekha River and is connected to Jamshedpur via three bridges laid side by side. It is a huge and growing residential area. Once a backward little town, it is now a booming suburb and real estate hotbed.
Mango has the status of a 'city' according to the government though being part of the main city Jamshedpur. It is a notified area and is run by its own notified area committee, namely, Mango Notified Area Committee (MNAC). The electricity services are provided by state run electricity board, JSEB. There is no household water delivery system presently but MNAC has recently entered into an agreement with JUSCO to provide tap water services to the area.
It is primarily a residential area and is now witnessing a real estate boom. Many developers are developing residential colonies in the area.
It has two hospitals, namely, MGM Medical hospital and the newly opened Brahmananda Hospital. The MGM Hospital also has a college associated with it. Two new private engineering colleges have also been set up in the area.
National Highway 118 (India)National Highway 118 is a national highway of India. It connects Asanbani and Jamshedpur in the state of Jharkhand. It is the shortest national highway in India along with NH 548.
National Institute of Technology, JamshedpurThe National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur (NIT Jamshedpur), is an Institute of National Importance located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Established as a Regional Institute of Technology in 1960, it was upgraded to National Institute of Technology(NIT) on 27 December 2002 with the status of a Deemed University. It is one of the 31 NITs in India, and as such is directly under the control of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). It is the third in the chain of 8 NITs established as a part of the Second Five Year Plan (1956–61) by the Government of India.
Pratik ChaudhariPratik Chaudhari (born 4 October 1989) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Jamshedpur FC in the Indian Super League.
Raghubar DasRaghubar Das (born 3 May 1955) is the Chief minister of Jharkhand state of India. He was sworn in as the 6th chief minister of Jharkhand on 28 December 2014. He is an Indian politician and belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party. A former employee of Tata Steel, he served as the member of legislative assembly for five times, representing Jamshedpur East since 1995. He also served as the Deputy Chief Minister and the Urban Development Minister during the BJP-led government in the state. During the period of emergency (25 June 1975), he was sent behind the bars.
Sonari AirportSonari Airport (IATA: IXW, ICAO: VEJS) is a public airport located in Jamshedpur, in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Subhasish Roy ChowdhurySubhashish Roy Chowdhury (born 27 September 1985) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Jamshedpur in the Indian Super League.
Sumeet PassiSumeet Passi (born 12 September 1994) is an Indian striker who currently plays for Jamshedpur in the Indian Super League.
Tata Football AcademyTata Football Academy (Tata FA or TFA) is a football club in Jamshedpur, India, sponsored by Tata Steel. The Tata Football Academy (TFA) is set to be renamed as Tata Atletico Football Academia after the Tata Trusts on Wednesday joined hands with La Liga giants, Atletico de Madrid (ATM), to enhance and strengthen its existing programmes for promoting Indian football.
Tatanagar Junction railway stationThe Tatanagar Railway Station station code TATA, is the main railway station serving the city of Jamshedpur in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Tatanagar is a Junction station and is located on the Howrah-Chakradharpur-Mumbai line of the Indian Railways. It has 5 platforms and handles around 100 trains each day.
XLRI - Xavier School of ManagementXLRI – Xavier School of Management (XLRI-XSM OR XLRI) is a management school founded in 1949 by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and based in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.
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