German submarine U-48 (1939)
German submarine U-48 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II, and the most successful that was commissioned. During her two years of active service, U-48 sank 55 ships for a total of 321,000 tons; she also damaged two more for a total of 12,000 tons over twelve war patrols conducted during the opening stages of the Battle of the Atlantic.
U-48 was built at the Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 583 during 1938 and 1939, being completed a few months before the outbreak of war in September 1939 and given to Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Herbert Schultze. When war was declared, she was already in position in the North Atlantic, and received the news via radio, allowing her to operate immediately against Allied shipping.
 U-52, a typical Type VIIB boat
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| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany
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| Name: | U-48 |
| Ordered: | 21 November 1936[1] |
| Builder: | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
| Cost: | 4,439,000 Reichsmark |
| Yard number: | 583[1] |
| Laid down: | 10 March 1937[1] |
| Launched: | 8 March 1939[1] |
| Commissioned: | 22 April 1939[1] |
| Decommissioned: | October 1943 |
| Fate: | Scuttled, 3 May 1945 off Neustadt[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Type VIIB U-boat |
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| Draught: | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
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| Test depth: | 230 m (750 ft). Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft) |
| Complement: | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Sensors and processing systems: | Gruppenhorchgerät |
| Armament: |
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| Identification codes: | M 27 354 |
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Design
German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-48 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged.[2] She had a total length of 66.50 m (218 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 48.80 m (160 ft 1 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170 km; 100 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100 km; 10,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-48 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[2]
Service history
She was a member of two wolfpacks. Seven former crew members of U-48 earned the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during their military career, these were the commanders Herbert Schultze, Hans-Rudolf Rösing and Heinrich Bleichrodt, the first watch officer Reinhard Suhren, the second watch Otto Ites, the chief engineer Erich Zürn and the coxswain Horst Hofmann.
U-48 survived most of the war and was scuttled by her own crew on 3 May 1945 off Neustadt in order to keep the submarine out of the hands of the advancing allies.
1st patrol (19 August – 17 September 1939)
U-48 left her home port of Kiel on 19 August 1939, before World War II began,[3] for a period of 30 days. The submarine travelled north of the British Isles, into the North Atlantic and eventually into the Bay of Biscay. She then proceeded to cruise to the west of the Western Approaches, two days after Britain and France declared war on Germany. It was here that she spotted her first target, the 5,000-ton SS Royal Sceptre. U-48 attacked the merchant ship with her deck gun on 5 September 1939.[4] All of the crew took to the lifeboats except the Radio Officer who remained transmitting "SOS". He was taken prisoner by U-48, but then released to the lifeboats as Schultze praised his courage. He verified that the lifeboats were provisioned with food and water. U-48 then stopped the SS Browning. The crew abandoned their vessel, but Schultze told them to return to their ship and pick up the crew of Royal Sceptre. However Browning was en route to Brazil, so it was not immediately realised that they had survived. Winston Churchill, then First Lord of The Admiralty, assumed the worst, that the crew and sixty passengers were lost.[5] He declared the sinking to be
U-48 stopped, searched and released several neutral ships before encountering and sinking Winkleigh on 8 September 1939 after her crew had taken to the lifeboats.[7]
On 11 September U-48 sank Firby. Some of the crew required medical attention following the sinking. U-48 provisioned the lifeboats, gave medical assistance and radioed:
Churchill, wrongly, told the House of Commons that the U-boat captain who had sent the message had been captured.[5] After 30 days at sea, U-48 returned to Kiel on 17 September 1939. During her first war patrol, she sank three ships for a total of 14,777 tons.[3]
2nd patrol (4–25 October 1939)
U-48's second patrol was even more successful. Having left Kiel on 4 October, she proceeded to follow the same course as her previous voyage. During her second patrol, U-48 sank a total of five enemy ships, including the large French tanker SS Emile Miguet on 12 October, Heronspool and Louisiane on 13 October, Sneaton on 14 October and Clan Chisholm on 17 October. Following the sinking of Clan Chisholm, U-48 attacked the British steamer Rockpool with fire from her deck gun on 19 October at 1:32 pm. However, the steamer returned fire. In order to avoid being hit, U-48 crash-dived. She subsequently re-surfaced and attempted to sink the steamer again when an Allied destroyer came upon the engagement. U-48 then broke off the fight with Rockpool and submerged once more to leave the area. Following the sinking of five enemy merchant ships for a total of 37,153 tons as well as the engagement with Rockpool, U-48 returned to the safety of Kiel on 25 October 1939 after spending 22 days at sea.[9]
3rd patrol (20 November – 20 December 1939)
U-48 left Kiel for her third patrol on 20 November 1939. During this voyage, she sank a total of four vessels including two merchant ships from neutral nations. The first ship to fall victim to the U-boat was the 6,336-ton neutral Swedish motor tanker MT Gustaf E. Reuter. She was attacked by U-48 on 27 November 14 nmi (26 km; 16 mi) west-northwest of Fair Isle. The wreck was later sunk by an escort vessel. One person died, 33 of her crew survived. The tug HMS St. Mellons attempted to salvage her, however Gustaf E. Reuter eventually had to be sent to the bottom by HMS Kingston Beryl on 28 November. Following the sinking of Gustaf E. Reuter, U-48 sank the British freighter Brandon on 8 December off the southern coast of Ireland. The next day, she attacked the British tanker San Alberto. The ship was so badly damaged that she had to be sunk by HMS Mackay.[10] Finally on 15 December 1939 U-48 stopped the neutral Greek freighter Germaine which had been chartered by Ireland and was also neutral, to carry maize to Cork. Schultze maintained that she was going to England, so he sank her. U-48 returned to Kiel on 20 December 1939 after sinking a total of 25,618 tons and spent a total of 31 days at sea.
4th patrol (24 January – 26 February 1940)
After a break over the Christmas period, the boat put to sea again, sinking the British Blue Star Line liner SS Sultan Star in the Western Approaches, it was only carrying freight.[11] She laid a string of mines off St Abb's Head which failed to have any effect, but two neutral Dutch ships were added to her tally shortly afterwards, as well as a Finnish ship, all of them operating in the North Atlantic in cooperation with the Allied convoy system.
5th and 6th patrols (April 1940 and June 1940)
Her fifth patrol, in June 1940 was one of her most successful, making full use of the situation in Europe following the Fall of France. U-48 was commanded by Hans Rudolf Rösing, as Herbert Schultze was hospitalised with a kidney and stomach complaint.[12] She attacked three ships off the Donegal coast; Stancor carrying fish from Iceland, Eros carrying 200 tons of small arms from America and Frances Massey with iron ore. 34 sailors lost their lives on Frances Massey. The cargo on Eros was particularly important following the losses at Dunkirk. The badly damaged Eros was taken in tow by HMS Berkeley, assisted by HMS Bandit and Volunteer and headed to the Irish coast, where Muirchú and Fort Rannoch were waiting for them. The Eros was beached on Errarooey strand. While she was being repaired, Irish troops guarded the site.[13]
Germany learned that a troop convoy, including RMS Queen Mary and Mauretania were bringing 25,000 Australian soldiers to Britain. U-48 was ordered to Cape Finisterre where a U-boat 'wolfpack' was being assembled to intercept the convoy. However the U-boats attacked other ships in the vicinity, alerting the convoy to their presence, so they altered direction, avoiding the 'wolfpack'.[14] On 19 June 1940, Convoy HG-34 was attacked. U-48 sank SS Baron Loudoun (three died), SS British Monarch (all 40 on board died) and MV Tudor (one death). Convoy HX 49 dispersed; U-48 sank Moordrecht, which had been in that convoy; 25 died. Ireland had chartered neutral Greek ships; U-48 sank Violando N. Goulandris (six died) while U-28 sank Adamandios Georgandis (one death). Ireland sought an explanation from Germany "... steamships, the entire cargoes of which comprised grain for exclusive consumption in Éire were sunk by unidentified submarines ..."[15]
U-48 was enjoying an extended patrol, thanks to the newly established refuelling facilities available at Trondheim in Norway. In all, she claimed eight ships from the convoys in the Eastern Atlantic on this cruise and bagged five more on her sixth patrol in August, which finished with her stationed at Lorient on the French Atlantic coast, greatly extending her raiding abilities.
7th and 8th patrols (August 1940 and September 1940)
In September, on her seventh patrol she shocked the world by sinking the SS City of Benares, one of eight ships in six days from Convoys SC 3 and OB 213. On board the liner were 90 children being evacuated to Canada under the Children's Overseas Reception Board's initiative.
The sinking ship took on an immediate list, thus preventing the launching of many of the life-rafts and trapping numerous crew and passengers below decks. As a result, many of the 400 people on board were unable to escape. As hundreds of survivors struggled in the water, the U-boat's powerful searchlight swept once over the chaotic scene, before she left the area. The survivors in the boats were not rescued for nearly 24 hours. In that time dozens of children and adults died from exposure or drowned, leaving only 148 survivors. One boat was not recovered for a further eight days. In total 258 people,[16] including 77 of the evacuees, died in the disaster, which effectively ended the overseas evacuation programme.[16]
The controversy of City of Benares disaster has been debated ever since. It has been suggested that had the British openly declared that the ship was carrying evacuees, then the Germans would have taken pains not to sink it, recognising the potential for a propaganda crisis, which indeed occurred. However, the ship was not only travelling unlit at night in an Allied convoy, but it was also the flagship of Rear-Admiral Edmund Mackinnon, the convoy commander.[17] Other historians have argued that the Germans would have attacked any large liners at the time, no matter what cargo was being carried or who was on the passenger list.
One of U-48's crew, Corporal Solm, described the sinking after his capture, "“We knew there were kiddies on board before the tinfish were fired. We bagged a kiddie ship! Six thousand tons. We heard on the radio what was on board. No one survived.”[18] Among the other sinkings was the British frigate HMS Dundee.
The U-boat's eighth patrol was also highly successful, sinking seven ships out of Atlantic convoys, including one from SC 7. The operating zone for both these patrols was far to the north of her previous areas, being south of Greenland.
9th, 10th, 11th and 12th patrols (October 1940, February 1941, March 1941 and June 1941)
On her ninth and tenth patrols, U-48 claimed two and five victims respectively, but she was clearly becoming obsolete in the face of improving technology on both sides, despite a winter refit. Her range and torpedo capacity were too small for the widening nature of the sea war, and she would be a risk to her crew and other U-boats if she continued much longer in the main battlefield of the North Atlantic. On her final patrol she sank five more ships, the boat was also boosted by the award of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Erich Zürn, the boat's executive officer, for his success and judgement during the ship's career.
Retirement and fate
U-48 returned to Kiel on 22 June 1941, where her crew disembarked and she was transferred to a training flotilla operating exclusively in the Baltic Sea. Unlike many of her contemporaries, U-48 never sailed on patrols against Soviet targets following Operation Barbarossa the following month. In 1943 she was deemed unfit even for this reduced service, being laid up at Neustadt in Holstein with only a skeleton crew performing minor maintenance. It was there that she remained for the next two years, until the maintenance crew, realising that the war was ending and the boat would be captured, scuttled her in the Bay of Lübeck on 3 May 1945, where she remains.
Wolfpacks
U-48 took part in two wolfpacks, namely:
Summary of raiding history
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIB boat U-48". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–44.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-48 (First patrol)". U-boat patrols - uboat.net. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Royal Sceptre (British Steam merchant)". Allied Ships hit by U-boats. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Korvettenkapitän Herbert Schultze". German U-boat Commanders of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Tildesley, Kate. "Voices from the Battle of the Atlantic". The Second World War Experience Centre. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Blair, page 80
- ^ Blair, page 85
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-48 (Second patrol)". U-boat patrols - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^ Blair, page 120
- ^ "Blue Star's S.S. "Sultan Star"". Blue Star Ships. Blue Star on the Web. 3 February 2012.
- ^ Blair, page 161
- ^ Kennedy, Michael (2008). "G2, the Coastwatching Service and the Battle of the Atlantic" (PDF). Maritime Institute of Ireland. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ Blair, page 169
- ^ Duggan page 111
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "City of Benares (Steam passenger ship)". Allied Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ Mackinnon did not evacuate the sinking ship; he drowned on board.
- ^ Mirror.co.uk (21 September 2012). ""I liked to shoot women pushing prams": Secret Nazi tapes shocking Germany". mirror.co.uk.
Bibliography
- Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84076-2.
- Bridgland, Tony (2002). Waves of Hate. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-822-4.
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
- Duggan, John P (2003). Herr Hempel. Sallins: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7165-2757-X.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Sharpe, Peter (1998). U-Boat Fact File. Leicester: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-072-9.
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIB boat U-48". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- Hofmann, Markus. "U 48". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 1 February 2015.
Coordinates: 54°07′N 10°50′E / 54.117°N 10.833°E
FirbyFirby or Fritheby is an English toponymic surname, with its original location now registered in modern government as Firby, Hambleton. It is not to be confused with Firby in Ryedale, that has separate origins and etymology, along with Fearby, North Ferriby and South Ferriby, also different in these natures; each has had its own variants causing confusion.
German submarine U-48U-48 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
SM U-48, a Type U 43 submarine launched in 1915 and that served in the First World War until scuttled on 24 November 1917
During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
SM UB-48, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and scuttled on 28 October 1918
SM UC-48, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and interned in Spain on 23 March 1918
German submarine U-48 (1939), a Type VIIB submarine that served in the Second World War until scuttled on 3 May 1945
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Georges Vedel
Georges Wilson
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
Georges-Pierre Seurat
Georgian Legion (1941-1945)
Georgian Uprising of Texel
Georgios Moraitinis
Georgios Poulos
Georgios Siantos
Georgios Tsolakoglou
Georgiy Zakharov
Georgy Zhukov
Geraint Morgan
Gerald Bridgeman, 6th Earl of Bradford
Gerald C. Thomas
Gerald Davis (philatelist)
Gerald Desmond
Gerald Edelman
Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster
Gerald Ford
Gerald Fredrick Töben
Gerald Götting
Gerald Graze
Gerald Krause
Gerald L. Endl
Gerald Lathbury
Gerald MacIntosh Johnston
Gerald O'Brien
Gerald S. Graham
Gerald Smallwood
Gerald Stapleton
Gerald Templer
Gerald Upjohn, Baron Upjohn
Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington
Geraldine Doyle
Gérard Berry
Gérard Blitz (sportsman)
Gerard Bosch van Drakestein
Gérard Bouchard
Gerard Broadmead Roope
Gerard Bucknall
Gérard Buscher
Gerard Callenburgh-class destroyer
Gerard de Kruijff
Gérard de Lally-Tollendal
Gérard de Nerval
Gérard de Vaucouleurs
Gérard Debreu
Gérard Fussman
Gerard Glaister
Gérard Houllier
Gérard Janvion
Gerard Ross Norton
Gerard Wodarz
Gerardus 't Hooft
Gerardus Johannes Berenschot
Gerardus Mooyman
Gerd Honsik
Gerd Suhren
Gerd von Rundstedt
Gerda Christian
Gerda Steinhoff
Gerda Taro
Gerda Weissmann Klein
Gerdenau
Gerhard Barkhorn
Gerhard Fieseler
Gerhard Flesch
Gerhard Friedrich
Gerhard Homuth
Gerhard Klopfer
Gerhard Michalski
Gerhard Ritter
Gerhard Rose
Gerhard Roßbach
Gerhard Schmidhuber
Gerhard Schöpfel
Gerhard Sommer
Gerhard Stoltenberg
Gerhard Thyben
Gerhard von Schwerin
Gerhard Wagner
Gerhard Wessel
Gerhard Wilck
Gerhard Boldt
Germain Jousse
Germaine Lubin
Germaine Tailleferre
Germaine Tillion
German AB-Aktion operation in Poland
German AFVs of World War II
German Air Fleets in World War II
German Air Force Regiment
German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin
German aircraft production during World War II
German aircraft production during WW2
German American Bund
German American National Political Action Committee
German anti-aircraft cruiser Niobe
German armored fighting vehicle production during World War II
German armoured fighting vehicles of World War II
German Army Detachment Kempf
German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis
German auxiliary cruiser Hansa
German auxiliary cruiser Komet
German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran
German auxiliary cruiser Michel
German auxiliary cruiser Orion
German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin
German auxiliary cruiser Stier
German auxiliary cruiser Thor
German auxiliary cruiser Widder
German battleship Bismarck
German battleship Gneisenau
German battleship Scharnhorst
German battleship Schlesien
German battleship Schleswig-Holstein
German battleship Tirpitz
German Bestelmeyer
German Blood Certificate
German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
German Christians
German Cross
German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee
German cruiser Admiral Hipper
German cruiser Admiral Scheer
German cruiser Blücher
German cruiser Deutschland
German cruiser Emden
German cruiser Karlsruhe
German cruiser Köln
German cruiser Königsberg
German cruiser Leipzig
German cruiser Lützow (1931)
German cruiser Nürnberg
German cruiser Prinz Eugen
German cruiser Seydlitz
German declaration of war against the Netherlands
German destroyer Z1 Leberecht Maass
German Division Nr. 157
German Division Nr. 188
Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
German Faith Movement
German Forced Labour Compensation Programme
German fortification of Guernsey
German Fortress Division Swinemünde
German heavy tank battalions
German hospital ship Berlin
German Instrument of Surrender
German Labour Front
German military technology during World War II
German Motorized Company
German National Movement in Liechtenstein
German National Prize for Art and Science
German night fighter direction vessel Togo
German nuclear energy project
German occupation of Belgium during World War II
German occupation of Czechoslovakia
German occupation of France during World War II
German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II
German occupation of the Channel Islands
German Order (decoration)
German order of battle for Operation Fall Weiss
German Party (Romania)
German People's Party (Romania)
German Resistance
German Restitution Laws
German searchlights of World War II
German submarine U-1 (1935)
German submarine U-2 (1935)
German submarine U-3 (1935)
German submarine U-4 (1935)
German submarine U-5 (1935)
German submarine U-6 (1935)
German submarine U-7 (1935)
German submarine U-8 (1935)
German submarine U-9 (1935)
German submarine U-10 (1935)
German submarine U-11 (1935)
German submarine U-12 (1935)
German submarine U-13 (1935)
German submarine U-14 (1936)
German submarine U-15 (1936)
German submarine U-16 (1936)
German submarine U-17 (1935)
German submarine U-18 (1936)
German submarine U-19 (1936)
German submarine U-20 (1936)
German submarine U-22 (1936)
German submarine U-23 (1936)
German submarine U-24 (1936)
German submarine U-25 (1936)
German submarine U-26 (1936)
German submarine U-27 (1936)
German submarine U-28 (1936)
German submarine U-30 (1936)
German submarine U-31 (1936)
German submarine U-32 (1914)
German submarine U-32 (1937)
German submarine U-33 (1936)
German submarine U-34 (1936)
German submarine U-35 (1936)
German submarine U-36 (1936)
German submarine U-37 (1938)
German submarine U-38 (1938)
German submarine U-39 (1938)
German submarine U-40 (1939)
German submarine U-41 (1939)
German submarine U-42 (1939)
German submarine U-43 (1939)
German submarine U-47 (1938)
German submarine U-48 (1939)
German submarine U-49 (1939)
German submarine U-50 (1939)
German submarine U-51 (1938)
German submarine U-54 (1939)
German submarine U-63 (1940)
German submarine U-66 (1940)
German submarine U-68 (1940)
German submarine U-69 (1940)
German submarine U-70 (1940)
German submarine U-72 (1940)
German submarine U-74 (1940)
German submarine U-75 (1940)
German submarine U-78 (1940)
German submarine U-79 (1941)
German submarine U-81 (1941)
German submarine U-83 (1941)
German submarine U-85 (1941)
German submarine U-86 (1941)
German submarine U-88 (1941)
German submarine U-89 (1941)
German submarine U-94 (1940)
German submarine U-95 (1940)
German submarine U-96 (1940)
German submarine U-98 (1940)
German submarine U-99 (1940)
German submarine U-100 (1940)
German submarine U-101 (1940)
German submarine U-102 (1940)
German submarine U-103 (1940)
German submarine U-106 (1940)
German submarine U-107 (1940)
German submarine U-110 (1940)
German submarine U-116 (1941)
German submarine U-120 (1940)
German submarine U-122 (1939)
German submarine U-123 (1940)
German submarine U-124 (1940)
German submarine U-125 (1940)
German submarine U-128 (1941)
German submarine U-131 (1941)
German submarine U-134 (1941)
German submarine U-137 (1940)
German submarine U-144 (1940)
German submarine U-155 (1941)
German submarine U-156 (1941)
German submarine U-166 (1941)
German submarine U-171
German submarine U-172
German submarine U-175
German submarine U-176
German submarine U-180
German submarine U-181
German submarine U-183
German submarine U-184
German submarine U-185
German submarine U-190
German submarine U-195
German submarine U-196
German submarine U-214
German submarine U-215
German submarine U-217
German submarine U-218
German submarine U-219
German submarine U-221
German submarine U-227
German submarine U-228
German submarine U-234
German submarine U-238
German submarine U-253
German submarine U-254
German submarine U-255
German submarine U-256
German submarine U-259
German submarine U-260
German submarine U-262
German submarine U-268
German submarine U-269
German submarine U-273
German submarine U-280
German submarine U-298
German submarine U-300
German submarine U-301
German submarine U-303
German submarine U-309
German submarine U-317
German submarine U-324
German submarine U-325
German submarine U-333
German submarine U-337
German submarine U-340
German submarine U-346
German submarine U-352
German submarine U-353
German submarine U-362
German submarine U-365
German submarine U-371
German submarine U-383
German submarine U-388
German submarine U-400
German submarine U-405
German submarine U-413
German submarine U-429
German submarine U-434
German submarine U-438
German submarine U-441
German submarine U-443
German submarine U-455
German submarine U-459
German submarine U-460
German submarine U-461
German submarine U-462
German submarine U-463
German submarine U-468
German submarine U-470
German submarine U-479
German submarine U-481
German submarine U-487
German submarine U-488
German submarine U-489
German submarine U-490
German submarine U-501
German submarine U-502
German submarine U-503
German submarine U-505
German submarine U-507
German submarine U-509
German submarine U-511
German submarine U-512
German submarine U-515
German submarine U-518
German submarine U-520
German submarine U-521
German submarine U-523
German submarine U-529
German submarine U-530
German submarine U-531
German submarine U-533
German submarine U-534
German submarine U-535
German submarine U-537
German submarine U-539
German submarine U-549
German submarine U-550
German submarine U-552
German submarine U-553
German submarine U-556
German submarine U-557
German submarine U-559
German submarine U-570
German submarine U-571
German submarine U-573
German submarine U-596
German submarine U-625
German submarine U-627
German submarine U-656
German submarine U-691
German submarine U-701
German submarine U-718
German submarine U-735
German submarine U-736
German submarine U-745
German submarine U-754
German submarine U-759
German submarine U-760
German submarine U-765
German submarine U-772
German submarine U-777
German submarine U-821
German submarine U-843
German submarine U-844
German submarine U-852
German submarine U-853
German submarine U-859
German submarine U-862
German submarine U-864
German submarine U-869
German submarine U-884
German submarine U-889
German submarine U-953
German submarine U-957
German submarine U-958
German submarine U-961
German submarine U-964
German submarine U-973
German submarine U-978
German submarine U-1000
German submarine U-1021
German submarine U-1059
German submarine U-1060
German submarine U-1061
German submarine U-1062
German submarine U-1063
German submarine U-1105
German submarine U-1227
German submarine U-1230
German submarine U-1234
German submarine U-1235
German submarine U-1276
German submarine U-1302
German submarine U-2321
German submarine U-2322
German submarine U-2323
German submarine U-2324
German submarine U-2331
German submarine U-2342
German submarine U-2501
German submarine U-2511
German submarine U-2513
German submarine U-3008
German submarine U-3519
German tank production during World War II
German tanker Altmark
German tanks in World War II
German torpedoboats of World War II
German Type I submarine
German Type II submarine
German Type VII submarine
German Type IX submarine
German Type X submarine
German Type XIV submarine
German Type XVIIB submarine
German Type XXI submarine
German Type XXIII submarine
German War Graves Commission
German Weapons Act
German weather ship Lauenburg
German World War II destroyers
German World War II strongholds
German WWII strongholds
German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty
German-trained divisions in the National Revolutionary Army
German–occupied Europe
Germanic-SS
Germanische Leitstelle
Germany Must Perish!
Germany Year Zero
Germar Rudolf
Gerry H. Kisters
Gerry Parsky
Gershon Sirota
Gerstein Report
Gert Fröbe
Gert-Dietmar Klause
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
Gertrude (Code name)
Gertrude Nelson
Gertrude Sanford Legendre
Gertrude Stein
Geschwaderkommodore
Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front
Gestapo-NKVD Conferences
Gestapo
Getúlio Vargas
Gewehr 41
Gewehr 43
Géza Lakatos
GFM cloche
Gheorghe Apostol
Gheorghe Argeşanu
Gheorghe Gaston Marin
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghe I. Brătianu
Gheorghe Manoliu
Gheorghe Mironescu
Gheorghe Pănculescu
Gheorghe Plagino
Gheorghe Răscănescu
Gheorghe Tătărescu
Gheorghe Ursu
Ghetto Fighters' House
Ghetto Litzmannstadt
Ghetto uprising
Ghettos in German-occupied Europe (1939-1944)
Ghislain Gimbert
Gholam-Hossein Saedi
Ghost Soldiers
GHQ Liaison Regiment
GHQ Line
Giacomo Acerbo
Giacomo Appiotti
Gian Singh
Giancarlo Pajetta
Gianfranco Gaspari
Gianfranco Gazzana-Priaroggia
Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon
Gianni Rodari
Gianpiero Combi
Gideon Force
Gideon Greif
Gideon Klein
Gif-sur-Yvette (Paris RER)
Giffard LeQuesne Martel
Gig Young
Gil Hodges
Gila Bend Air Force Auxiliary Field
Gila River War Relocation Center
Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
Gilbert Bayiha N'Djema
Gilbert Bécaud
Gilbert Bostsarron
Gilbert Cavan
Gilbert de Greenlaw
Gilbert Duprez
Gilbert Gérintès
Gilbert Gude
Gilbert Hackforth-Jones
Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster
Gilbert Johnson
Gilbert Jonathan Rowcliff
Gilbert Le Chenadec
Gilbert Monckton, 2nd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley
Gilbert Montagné
Gilbert Norman
Gilbert Renault
Gilbert Stork
Gilbert Stuart Martin Insall
Giles Cooper
Giles McCrary
Giles Romilly
Giles Vandeleur
Gillean Maclaine
Gilles Boileau
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Lamontagne
Gilles Ménage
Gilles Quénéhervé
Gilles Rampillon
Gilles Yapi Yapo
Gilles-Marie Oppenordt
Gilliam-class attack transport
Gillis William Long
Gin Drinkers Line
Gino J. Merli
Gino Marchetti
Gino Sopracordevole
Gioachino Rossini
Giorgio Amendola
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Napolitano
Giorgio Parisi
Giorgio Perlasca
Giorgio Zampori
Giovanna Zangrandi
Giovanni De Prà
Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Giovanni Giorgio Trissino
Giovanni Graber
Giovanni Messe
Giovanni Palatucci
Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz
Giovanni Scatturin
Giretsu
Gisela Bock
Gisella Perl
Gitta Sereny
GIUK gap
Giulio de Florian
Giulio Gaudini
Giulio Martinat
Giuseppe Colacicco
Giuseppe Crivelli
Giuseppe Di Vittorio
Giuseppe Dossetti
Giuseppe Fioravanzo
Giuseppe Paris
Giuseppe Saragat
Giuseppe Siri
Giuseppe Tonani
Giustizia e Libertà
Glacier Girl
Glacière (Paris Métro)
Gladys Carson
Glamour Gal
Glasmine 43
Glass House (Budapest)
Gleichschaltung
Gleiwitz incident
Glen Bell
Glen D. Johnson
Glen Edwards (pilot)
Glen Graham
Glencree German war cemetery
Glendon Swarthout
Glenn Ford
Glenn Hartranft
Glenn Miller
Glenn T. Seaborg
Glina massacre
Glinciszki massacre
Glorious-class aircraft carrier
Glossary of German military terms
Glossary of Nazi Germany
Glossary of the Third Reich
Gloster E.28/39
Gloster Meteor
Glynn R. Donaho
Gnevny-class destroyer
Go For Broke Monument
Go for Broke! (1951 film)
Gobelins (school of image)
Gobelins manufactory
God Is My Co-Pilot (film)
Godfrey Hounsfield
Godwin Okpara
Goebbels Diaries
Goering's Green Folder
Gold Beach
Gold Star Mothers Club
Gold Star Wives
Golden Party Badge
Golf Disneyland
Goliath tracked mine
Gonars concentration camp
Gonars
Goncourt (Paris Métro)
Gongzhutun Campaign
Gonzalo Quesada
Good Germans
Goodbye Holland
Goodbye Japan
Göppingen Gö 9
Goralenvolk
Göran Claeson
Goran Rubil
Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague
Gordie Drillon
Gordon A. Craig
Gordon Bennett (Australian soldier)
Gordon Bridson
Gordon Browning
Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy
Gordon Charles Steele
Gordon Churchill
Gordon Donaldson (journalist)
Gordon Gollob
Gordon Goodwin (athlete)
Gordon H. Sato
Gordon Hirabayashi
Gordon Hultquist
Gordon Killick
Gordon MacWhinnie
Gordon McGregor
Gordon Nornable
Gordon Pai'ea Chung-Hoon
Gordon Prange
Gordon R. Dickson
Gordon Waite Underwood
Gösta Persson
Gotha G.I
Gotha G.II
Gotha G.III
Gotha G.IV
Gotha G.IX
Gotha G.V
Gotha G.VII
Gotha Go 145
Gotha Go 149
Gotha Go 242
Gotha Go 244
Gotha Go 345
Gotha LD.1
Gotha WD.2
Gotha WD.3
Gotha WD.7
Gotha WD.11
Gotha WD.14
Gotha WD.27
Gotha Ka 430
Gothic Line order of battle
Gothic Line
Gottfried E. Noether
Gottfried Feder
Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen
Gottfried Ochshorn
Gottfried von Cramm
Gottfried von Einem
Gotthard Handrick
Gotthard Heinrici
Gottlob Berger
Gottorp
Götz Aly
Goumier
Goutte d'Or
Government Aircraft Factories
Government Delegate's Office at Home
Government of National Unity (Hungary)
Goya (ship)
Grace Hopper
Grace McKenzie
Gracias Amigos
Grady A. Dugas
Grady McMurtry
Grady McWhiney
Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier
Grafeneck Castle
Grafeneck
Graham Bladon
Graham Greene
Graham Leslie Parish
Grampus-class submarine
Gran Sasso raid
Granada War Relocation Center
Granatwerfer 36
Granatwerfer 42
Grand Cross of the German Eagle
Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
Grand Director
Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia
Grand Guignol
Grand Han Righteous Army
Grand Palais
Grand Slam bomb
Grand Wizard
Granddi Ngoyi
Grande Arche
Grande Ceinture line
Grande ceinture Ouest
Grande Odalisque
Grands Boulevards (Paris Métro)
Grands Magasins du Louvre
Grant County International Airport
Grant F. Timmerman
Granville Raid
Grave of the Fireflies (novel)
Grave of the Fireflies
Gravedigger (comics)
Graves B. Erskine
Great Bend Municipal Airport
Great Depression in Canada
Great Japan Youth Party
Great Patriotic War (term)
Great Synagogue of London
Great Western Railway War Memorial
Greater Britain Movement
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Greater Hungary (political concept)
Grebbe line
Greco-Italian War
Greek battleship Kilkis
Greek battleship Lemnos
Greek cruiser Elli (1912)
Greek cruiser Georgios Averof
Greek destroyer Adrias
Greek destroyer Aetos
Greek destroyer Aspis
Greek destroyer Hydra (D 97)
Greek destroyer Ierax
Greek destroyer Kountouriotis (D 99)
Greek destroyer Leon
Greek destroyer Niki
Greek destroyer Panthir
Greek destroyer Psara (D 96)
Greek destroyer Spetsai (D 98)
Greek destroyer Thyella
Greek destroyer Vasilefs Georgios (D 14)
Greek destroyer Vasilissa Olga (D 15)
Greek National Socialist Party
Greek People's Liberation Army
Greek Resistance
Greek submarine Katsonis (Y-1)
Greek submarine Papanikolis (Y-2)
Greek torpedo boat Kios
Greek torpedo boat Kydonia
Greek torpedo boat Kyzikos
Greek torpedo boat Pergamos
Greek torpedo boat Proussa
Green box barrage
Green Gang
Green Line (Italy)
Green report
Green Skull
Green St. Bunker, West End
Greenock Blitz
Greensboro massacre
Grégoire Laurent
Gregor Strasser
Gregorij Rožman
Gregory Arnolin
Gregory Breit
Grégory Paisley
Grégory Pujol
Gregory Rabassa
Grégory Wimbée
Grenelle
Grenoble Cathedral
Grenoble Foot 38
Grenoble Institute of Technology
Grenoble
Greta Bösel
Greta Ferusic
Greta Keller
Grey Ranks (role-playing game)
Greyshirts
Gribovski G-11
Grigore Cugler
Grigore Gafencu
Grigore Preoteasa
Grigory Stelmakh
Grigory Vorozheikin
Grill (cryptology)
Grille (artillery)
Grini concentration camp
Grits Gresham
Grivnik brigade
Grob G 115
Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery
Grojanowski Report
Grønsvik coastal battery
Gross-Rosen concentration camp
Großdeutschland Division
Groton-New London Airport
Ground Observer Corps
Group 13
Group Army
Groupe de Chasse I/3
Grumman Goose
Gruppenführer
Gruppenkommandeur
Grzegorz Timofiejew
Gu Zhutong
Guadalcanal (1992 game)
Guadalcanal Campaign
Guadalcanal Diary (book)
Guadalcanal Diary (film)
Gualberto Villarroel
Guan Linzheng
Guangzhou Military Region
Guangzhou Uprising
Guards Armoured Division
Guards Mixed Brigade
Gudrun Burwitz
Guenther Podola
Guépard-class destroyer
Guerlain
Guglielmo Nasi
Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
Guide Gift Week
Guido Castelnuovo
Guido Knopp
Guildhall, London
Guillaume Apollinaire
Guillaume Budé
Guillaume de Baillou
Guillaume Dubois
Guillaume Gallienne
Guillaume Norbert
Guillaume Postel
Guillaume Rippert
Guillaume Sarkozy
Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes
Guillermo Hayden Wright
Guilty Men
Guimet Museum
Guinea Pig Club
Guinguette
Guizhou JL-9
Gulbrand Oscar Johan Lunde
Gumbinnen Operation
Gun politics in Germany
Gunbatsu
Gung Ho! (1943 film)
Gunichi Mikawa
Gunnar Holmberg
Gunnar Jahn
Gunnar Larsson (cross-country skier)
Gunnar Lindström
Gunnar Sköld
Gunnar Sønsteby
Günter Bialas
Gunter d'Alquen
Günter Deckert
Günter Grass
Gunter Jahn
Günter Kießling
Günter Reimann
Günter Steinhausen
Günter Zöller
Günther Anhalt
Günther Blumentritt
Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn
Günther Josten
Günther Korten
Günther Krappe
Günther Lütjens
Günther Lützow
Günther Pancke
Günther Prien
Günther Rall
Günther Schack
Günther Scheel
Günther Schwägermann
Günther Seeger
Günther Smend
Günther Specht
Günther Viezenz
Günther von Kluge
Günther-Eberhardt Wisliceny
Guo Boxiong
Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon
Gurli Ewerlund
Gus George Bebas
Gus Kefurt
Gus Savage
Gust J. Swenning
Gustaf Carlsson
Gustaf Dyrssen
Gustaf Hagelin
Gustaf Söderström
Gustaf Weijnarth
Gustav Adolf Scheel
Gustav Adolf von Götzen
Gustav Anton von Wietersheim
Gustav Flatow
Gustav Goßler
Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
Gustav Moths
Gustav Rau
Gustav Richter
Gustav Ritter von Kahr
Gustav Rödel
Gustav Schwarzenegger
Gustav Simon
Gustav Sprick
Gustav Sturm
Gustav V of Sweden
Gustav Victor Rudolf Born
Gustav von Vaerst
Gustav Wagner (soldier)
Gustav Weler
Gustáv Wendrinský
Gustav-Adolf Blancbois
Gustav-Adolf von Zangen
Gustave Bertrand
Gustave Biéler
Gustave Caillebotte
Gustave de Molinari
Gustave Doré
Gustave Gilbert
Gustave Hervé
Gustave Lanctot
Gustave Moreau
Gustave Sandras
Gustave Thuret
Gustavo Poyet
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński
Gustaw Holoubek
Gustaw Morcinek
Gusztáv Vitéz Jány
Guy Armoured Car
Guy Butler (athlete)
Guy D'Artois
Guy Gabaldon
Guy Gibson
Guy Gregson
Guy Lacombe
Guy Lizard
Guy Madison
Guy Menzies
Guy Môquet (Paris Métro)
Guy Môquet
Guy Russell
Guy S. Meloy, Jr.
Guy Sajer
Guy Salisbury-Jones
Guy Simonds
Gwardia Ludowa WRN
Gwardia Ludowa
Gwido Langer
Győző Haberfeld
Gyokuon-hōsō
György Beifeld
György Gábori
Gyorshadtest
Gyula Cseszneky
Gyula Halasy
Gyula Kakas
Gyula Strausz
List of shipwrecks in the mid-Atlantic OceanThis is a list of shipwrecks located in the main body of the Atlantic Ocean, rather than in one of its marginal seas.
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by authors
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