Gérard de Lally-Tollendal

Trophime-Gérard, marquis de Lally-Tollendal (5 March 1751 – 11 March 1830) was a French politician.

Born in Paris into an old aristocratic family,^[1] he was the legitimized son of Thomas Arthur de Lally, who served as viceroy in India under King Louis XIV,^[1] and only discovered the secret of his birth on the day of his father's execution (9 May 1766), when he devoted himself to clearing his father's memory. He was supported by Voltaire, and in 1778 succeeded in persuading King Louis XVI to annul the decree which had sentenced the Comte de Lally, but the parlement of Rouen, to which the case was referred back, in 1784 again decided in favour of Lally's guilt. The case was retried by other courts, and Lally's innocence was never fully admitted by the French judges.

In 1779 Lally-Tollendal bought the honorary title of Grand bailli of Étampes, and in 1789 was a deputy to the Estates-General for the noblesse of Paris. He played some part in the early stages of the French Revolution, but, as a conservative, quickly rejected more profound changes.

Early life

Trophime Gerard Lally-Tollendal was born into an old aristocratic family on 5 March 1751. Although he was the legitimate son of Thomas Arthur Lally, he was kept unaware of his Irish heritage through his bringing up under the name Trophime. He learned of his ancestry the day of his own father's execution on May 9, 1766.^[2] After his father's execution, Lally-Tollendal spent most of his adult life fighting to clear his father's name. During this time he attended the College of Harcourt which allowed him to gain the skills needed to not only fight against his father's verdict but participate in French government.

Fighting for His Father's Innocence

Trophime's introduction into the French political world was through his constant fight to prove his father's innocence. Lally-Tollendal first began this investigation when he was only 19 years old. He sought the help of Voltaire for his influence and strengths in writing. He first approached Voltaire in 1770 via a letter outlining every injustice and false accusation made against his father. Unfortunately, at the time, Trophime Gérard de Lally-Tollendal was considered Thomas Arthur's illegitimate son. This disqualified him from defending his father in a court of law. In 1772, Trophime achieved his legitimacy and the process of clearing his father's name officially began.^[3]

It is important to note that the outcome of the Thomas Arthur case is unclear. Some sources record that Thomas Arthur's case was reopened and retried more than 3 times. Although the King and his Council ruled in favor of Thomas Arthur's innocence, courts across the different provinces of France declared him guilty time and time again.^[3]

Other sources state that King Louis XVI single-handedly repealed the guilty verdict while similar sources state that along with King Louis XVI, the King's Council gathered over the case and had a majority vote in support of Thomas Arthur's innocence.^[4]

What is certain is that Thomas Arthur's innocence was never officially recorded.

Politics

At the beginning of the Revolution, Lally-Tollendal was in support of a Revolution and supported the Marquis de Lafayette. But, as the Revolution progressed, Lally-Tollendal's own conservative ideologies prevented him from continuing his support.^[4] As a result, he became in full support of Le Ancien Régime and France's traditional institutions.^[5]

Trophime Gérard de Lally-Tollendal was in favor of King Louis XVI even under the circumstances of the French Revolution. Throughout the Revolution, Lally-Tollendal remained entirely loyal to the King and even risked his life in an attempt to defend the King during his trial.^[5]

Lally-Tollendal was also part of Clermont-Tonnerre's Monarchist Club.^[1] One of the first issues this club experienced was the Constituent Assembly's refusal to declare Catholicism as France's national religion. As well as being part of Clermont-Tonnerre's Monarchist Club, Lally-Tollendal, Clermont-Tonnerre, Bertrand de Molleville, and Malouet all plotted to help save the King from hiding on 10 August 1792. Unfortunately all of the men were recognized on the street and hunted down. They all fled to the Hôtel of Madame de Brassac where Clermont-Tonnerre was ultimately killed.^[1]

Although Lally-Tollendal supported the King, he also was in support of a government with three bodies. This new government would consist of a Senate, Chamber of Representatives, and the reigning King. Each legislative body would have the power to veto but ultimately the King's vetoes held more weight. These legislative bodies would be put in place in order to create a governmental balance to ensure equal distribution of power.^[4]

Exile and return

In 1792 Lally-Tollendal was arrested but managed to emigrate to England prior to the September Massacres.^[5] He joined the opposition to the strict regime of the Marquis de Mirabeau, and condemned the decisive rejection of the Ancien Régime by the National Constituent Assembly, begun by the Tennis Court Oath and confirmed by the abolition of feudalism on 4 August 1789. Later in the year he emigrated to Great Britain.

During the trial of Louis XVI by the National Convention (December 1792 - January 1793) he offered to defend the king, but was not allowed to return to France. He did not return until after the establishment of the Consulate. Louis XVIII honoured him with the title of Peer of France, and in 1816 he became a member of the Académie française.

From that time until his death, he devoted himself to philanthropic work, especially identifying himself with prison reform. He died in Paris on March 11, 1830.

Works

• Lally-Tollendal, Plaidoyer pour Louis XVI, London, 1793
• Défense des émigrés français adressée au peuple français] par Trophime Gérard de Lally-Tollendal. Avant-propos de l’auteur, (daté de Londres, janvier 1797). Hambourg, chez P.F. Fauche, Imprimeur – Libraire, 1797, (X + 247 pages).
• Mémoires, attributed to Joseph Weber, concerning Marie Antoinette (1804, partial authorship)

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Hanson, Paul (2007). The A to Z of the French Revolution. Scarecrow Press. p. 173. ISBN 1461716063.
2. ^ The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge. Appleton. 1867-01-01.
3. ^ ^{a b} Davidson, Ian (2017-03-18). Betrayal. Grove Press. ISBN 9780802142368.
4. ^ ^{a b c} O'Reilly, Andrew (1856-01-01). The Irish Abroad and at Home: At the Court and in the Camp. D. Appleton and Company.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2007-01-01). Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313049514.

Additional References

1. Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson), ed, Ripley, George, ed. The new american cyclopaedia: A popular dictionary of general knowledge. Appleton; 1867. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015036731753.

2. Lally-Tolendal, Trophime-Gérard, marquis de, 1751-1830. Mémoire de M. le comte de Lally-Tollendal, ou seconde lettre a ses commettans. France: ; 1790. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000602038.

3. Lally-Tolendal T, marquis de, Gifford J. A defence of the french emigrants : Addressed to the people of france. ; 1797. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/yale.39002005692471.

4. Judicial affairs. http://voltpe.free.fr/page1.html.

5. Sean Ryan. The lally wild geese. http://indigo.ie/~wildgees/lally.htm. Updated 2002.

6. Alan Garric. Trophime Gérard de Lally-Tollendal. Geneanet Web site.http://gw.geneanet.org/garric?lang=en&p=trophime+gerard&n=de+lally+tollendal.

7. Wedderburn, Alexander Dundas Ogilvy, 1854. The wedderburn book, a history of the wedderburns in the counties of berwick, and forfar. ; 1898. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001597968.

8. Henry Morse Stephens, ed. A history of the french revolution, volume 1. Scribner; 1905; No. 1.

9. Trophime Gérard de Lally-Tollendal. http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/trophime-gerard-de-lally-tollendal.

-------------------------------------

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lally-Tollendal, Trophime Gérard, Marquis de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96. In turn, it gives the following references:
  • Antoine-Vincent Arnault, Discours prononcé aux funérailles de M. le marquis de Lally-Tollendal le 13 mars 1830 (Paris)
  • Charles-Edmé Gauthier de Brecy, Nécrologie de M. le marquis de Lally-Tollendal (Paris, undated)
  • Voltaire, Œuvres complètes (Paris, 1889) - the analytical table of contents, vol. ii

Gerard Lally

Sir Gerald or Gerard Lally or O'Mullally (Tuam, County Galway - 1737) was an Irish Jacobite and French military officer.

He was the second son of Thomas Lally (or O'Mullally) of Tullaghnadaly, by his wife, Jane, sister of Theobald Dillon, 7th Viscount Dillon, and younger brother of James Lally. He served with James II's forces in Ireland, and after the end of the Siege of Limerick (1691) he fled to France.

At Romans on the 18 April 1701 he married Anne-Marie, the daughter of Charles Jacques de Bressac, seigneur de La Vache; they had a son Thomas Arthur Lally. On 7 July 1707 he was created a Baronet, in the Jacobite baronetage of Ireland, by James II's son, the titular James III.

On 28 July 1708 he was made Lieutenant Colonel of the famous Dillon's Regiment, named after his first cousin General Arthur Dillon. On 20 February 1734 he was made a Brigadier General in the French army. He died at Arras in November 1737, and was succeeded by his son.

His grandson was Gérard de Lally-Tollendal.

Gérard

Gérard (French: [ʒeʁɑʁ]) is a French masculine given name of Germanic origin, variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constituents put together. In this case, those constituents are gari > ger- (meaning 'spear') and -hard (meaning 'hard/strong/brave'). The English cognate of Gérard is Gerard.

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German submarine U-106 (1940)

German submarine U-107 (1940)

German submarine U-110 (1940)

German submarine U-116 (1941)

German submarine U-120 (1940)

German submarine U-122 (1939)

German submarine U-123 (1940)

German submarine U-124 (1940)

German submarine U-125 (1940)

German submarine U-128 (1941)

German submarine U-131 (1941)

German submarine U-134 (1941)

German submarine U-137 (1940)

German submarine U-144 (1940)

German submarine U-155 (1941)

German submarine U-156 (1941)

German submarine U-166 (1941)

German submarine U-171

German submarine U-172

German submarine U-175

German submarine U-176

German submarine U-180

German submarine U-181

German submarine U-183

German submarine U-184

German submarine U-185

German submarine U-190

German submarine U-195

German submarine U-196

German submarine U-214

German submarine U-215

German submarine U-217

German submarine U-218

German submarine U-219

German submarine U-221

German submarine U-227

German submarine U-228

German submarine U-234

German submarine U-238

German submarine U-253

German submarine U-254

German submarine U-255

German submarine U-256

German submarine U-259

German submarine U-260

German submarine U-262

German submarine U-268

German submarine U-269

German submarine U-273

German submarine U-280

German submarine U-298

German submarine U-300

German submarine U-301

German submarine U-303

German submarine U-309

German submarine U-317

German submarine U-324

German submarine U-325

German submarine U-333

German submarine U-337

German submarine U-340

German submarine U-346

German submarine U-352

German submarine U-353

German submarine U-362

German submarine U-365

German submarine U-371

German submarine U-383

German submarine U-388

German submarine U-400

German submarine U-405

German submarine U-413

German submarine U-429

German submarine U-434

German submarine U-438

German submarine U-441

German submarine U-443

German submarine U-455

German submarine U-459

German submarine U-460

German submarine U-461

German submarine U-462

German submarine U-463

German submarine U-468

German submarine U-470

German submarine U-479

German submarine U-481

German submarine U-487

German submarine U-488

German submarine U-489

German submarine U-490

German submarine U-501

German submarine U-502

German submarine U-503

German submarine U-505

German submarine U-507

German submarine U-509

German submarine U-511

German submarine U-512

German submarine U-515

German submarine U-518

German submarine U-520

German submarine U-521

German submarine U-523

German submarine U-529

German submarine U-530

German submarine U-531

German submarine U-533

German submarine U-534

German submarine U-535

German submarine U-537

German submarine U-539

German submarine U-549

German submarine U-550

German submarine U-552

German submarine U-553

German submarine U-556

German submarine U-557

German submarine U-559

German submarine U-570

German submarine U-571

German submarine U-573

German submarine U-596

German submarine U-625

German submarine U-627

German submarine U-656

German submarine U-691

German submarine U-701

German submarine U-718

German submarine U-735

German submarine U-736

German submarine U-745

German submarine U-754

German submarine U-759

German submarine U-760

German submarine U-765

German submarine U-772

German submarine U-777

German submarine U-821

German submarine U-843

German submarine U-844

German submarine U-852

German submarine U-853

German submarine U-859

German submarine U-862

German submarine U-864

German submarine U-869

German submarine U-884

German submarine U-889

German submarine U-953

German submarine U-957

German submarine U-958

German submarine U-961

German submarine U-964

German submarine U-973

German submarine U-978

German submarine U-1000

German submarine U-1021

German submarine U-1059

German submarine U-1060

German submarine U-1061

German submarine U-1062

German submarine U-1063

German submarine U-1105

German submarine U-1227

German submarine U-1230

German submarine U-1234

German submarine U-1235

German submarine U-1276

German submarine U-1302

German submarine U-2321

German submarine U-2322

German submarine U-2323

German submarine U-2324

German submarine U-2331

German submarine U-2342

German submarine U-2501

German submarine U-2511

German submarine U-2513

German submarine U-3008

German submarine U-3519

German tank production during World War II

German tanker Altmark

German tanks in World War II

German torpedoboats of World War II

German Type I submarine

German Type II submarine

German Type VII submarine

German Type IX submarine

German Type X submarine

German Type XIV submarine

German Type XVIIB submarine

German Type XXI submarine

German Type XXIII submarine

German War Graves Commission

German Weapons Act

German weather ship Lauenburg

German World War II destroyers

German World War II strongholds

German WWII strongholds

German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty

German-trained divisions in the National Revolutionary Army

German–occupied Europe

Germanic-SS

Germanische Leitstelle

Germany Must Perish!

Germany Year Zero

Germar Rudolf

Gerry H. Kisters

Gerry Parsky

Gershon Sirota

Gerstein Report

Gert Fröbe

Gert-Dietmar Klause

Gertrud Scholtz-Klink

Gertrude (Code name)

Gertrude Nelson

Gertrude Sanford Legendre

Gertrude Stein

Geschwaderkommodore

Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front

Gestapo-NKVD Conferences

Gestapo

Getúlio Vargas

Gewehr 41

Gewehr 43

Géza Lakatos

GFM cloche

Gheorghe Apostol

Gheorghe Argeşanu

Gheorghe Gaston Marin

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe I. Brătianu

Gheorghe Manoliu

Gheorghe Mironescu

Gheorghe Pănculescu

Gheorghe Plagino

Gheorghe Răscănescu

Gheorghe Tătărescu

Gheorghe Ursu

Ghetto Fighters' House

Ghetto Litzmannstadt

Ghetto uprising

Ghettos in German-occupied Europe (1939-1944)

Ghislain Gimbert

Gholam-Hossein Saedi

Ghost Soldiers

GHQ Liaison Regiment

GHQ Line

Giacomo Acerbo

Giacomo Appiotti

Gian Singh

Giancarlo Pajetta

Gianfranco Gaspari

Gianfranco Gazzana-Priaroggia

Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon

Gianni Rodari

Gianpiero Combi

Gideon Force

Gideon Greif

Gideon Klein

Gif-sur-Yvette (Paris RER)

Giffard LeQuesne Martel

Gig Young

Gil Hodges

Gila Bend Air Force Auxiliary Field

Gila River War Relocation Center

Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

Gilbert Bayiha N'Djema

Gilbert Bécaud

Gilbert Bostsarron

Gilbert Cavan

Gilbert de Greenlaw

Gilbert Duprez

Gilbert Gérintès

Gilbert Gude

Gilbert Hackforth-Jones

Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster

Gilbert Johnson

Gilbert Jonathan Rowcliff

Gilbert Le Chenadec

Gilbert Monckton, 2nd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley

Gilbert Montagné

Gilbert Norman

Gilbert Renault

Gilbert Stork

Gilbert Stuart Martin Insall

Giles Cooper

Giles McCrary

Giles Romilly

Giles Vandeleur

Gillean Maclaine

Gilles Boileau

Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Lamontagne

Gilles Ménage

Gilles Quénéhervé

Gilles Rampillon

Gilles Yapi Yapo

Gilles-Marie Oppenordt

Gilliam-class attack transport

Gillis William Long

Gin Drinkers Line

Gino J. Merli

Gino Marchetti

Gino Sopracordevole

Gioachino Rossini

Giorgio Amendola

Giorgio Bassani

Giorgio Napolitano

Giorgio Parisi

Giorgio Perlasca

Giorgio Zampori

Giovanna Zangrandi

Giovanni De Prà

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

Giovanni Giorgio Trissino

Giovanni Graber

Giovanni Messe

Giovanni Palatucci

Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz

Giovanni Scatturin

Giretsu

Gisela Bock

Gisella Perl

Gitta Sereny

GIUK gap

Giulio de Florian

Giulio Gaudini

Giulio Martinat

Giuseppe Colacicco

Giuseppe Crivelli

Giuseppe Di Vittorio

Giuseppe Dossetti

Giuseppe Fioravanzo

Giuseppe Paris

Giuseppe Saragat

Giuseppe Siri

Giuseppe Tonani

Giustizia e Libertà

Glacier Girl

Glacière (Paris Métro)

Gladys Carson

Glamour Gal

Glasmine 43

Glass House (Budapest)

Gleichschaltung

Gleiwitz incident

Glen Bell

Glen D. Johnson

Glen Edwards (pilot)

Glen Graham

Glencree German war cemetery

Glendon Swarthout

Glenn Ford

Glenn Hartranft

Glenn Miller

Glenn T. Seaborg

Glina massacre

Glinciszki massacre

Glorious-class aircraft carrier

Glossary of German military terms

Glossary of Nazi Germany

Glossary of the Third Reich

Gloster E.28/39

Gloster Meteor

Glynn R. Donaho

Gnevny-class destroyer

Go For Broke Monument

Go for Broke! (1951 film)

Gobelins (school of image)

Gobelins manufactory

God Is My Co-Pilot (film)

Godfrey Hounsfield

Godwin Okpara

Goebbels Diaries

Goering's Green Folder

Gold Beach

Gold Star Mothers Club

Gold Star Wives

Golden Party Badge

Golf Disneyland

Goliath tracked mine

Gonars concentration camp

Gonars

Goncourt (Paris Métro)

Gongzhutun Campaign

Gonzalo Quesada

Good Germans

Goodbye Holland

Goodbye Japan

Göppingen Gö 9

Goralenvolk

Göran Claeson

Goran Rubil

Gorazd (Pavlik) of Prague

Gordie Drillon

Gordon A. Craig

Gordon Bennett (Australian soldier)

Gordon Bridson

Gordon Browning

Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy

Gordon Charles Steele

Gordon Churchill

Gordon Donaldson (journalist)

Gordon Gollob

Gordon Goodwin (athlete)

Gordon H. Sato

Gordon Hirabayashi

Gordon Hultquist

Gordon Killick

Gordon MacWhinnie

Gordon McGregor

Gordon Nornable

Gordon Pai'ea Chung-Hoon

Gordon Prange

Gordon R. Dickson

Gordon Waite Underwood

Gösta Persson

Gotha G.I

Gotha G.II

Gotha G.III

Gotha G.IV

Gotha G.IX

Gotha G.V

Gotha G.VII

Gotha Go 145

Gotha Go 149

Gotha Go 242

Gotha Go 244

Gotha Go 345

Gotha LD.1

Gotha WD.2

Gotha WD.3

Gotha WD.7

Gotha WD.11

Gotha WD.14

Gotha WD.27

Gotha Ka 430

Gothic Line order of battle

Gothic Line

Gottfried E. Noether

Gottfried Feder

Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen

Gottfried Ochshorn

Gottfried von Cramm

Gottfried von Einem

Gotthard Handrick

Gotthard Heinrici

Gottlob Berger

Gottorp

Götz Aly

Goumier

Goutte d'Or

Government Aircraft Factories

Government Delegate's Office at Home

Government of National Unity (Hungary)

Goya (ship)

Grace Hopper

Grace McKenzie

Gracias Amigos

Grady A. Dugas

Grady McMurtry

Grady McWhiney

Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier

Grafeneck Castle

Grafeneck

Graham Bladon

Graham Greene

Graham Leslie Parish

Grampus-class submarine

Gran Sasso raid

Granada War Relocation Center

Granatwerfer 36

Granatwerfer 42

Grand Cross of the German Eagle

Grand Cross of the Iron Cross

Grand Director

Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia

Grand Guignol

Grand Han Righteous Army

Grand Palais

Grand Slam bomb

Grand Wizard

Granddi Ngoyi

Grande Arche

Grande Ceinture line

Grande ceinture Ouest

Grande Odalisque

Grands Boulevards (Paris Métro)

Grands Magasins du Louvre

Grant County International Airport

Grant F. Timmerman

Granville Raid

Grave of the Fireflies (novel)

Grave of the Fireflies

Gravedigger (comics)

Graves B. Erskine

Great Bend Municipal Airport

Great Depression in Canada

Great Japan Youth Party

Great Patriotic War (term)

Great Synagogue of London

Great Western Railway War Memorial

Greater Britain Movement

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Greater Hungary (political concept)

Grebbe line

Greco-Italian War

Greek battleship Kilkis

Greek battleship Lemnos

Greek cruiser Elli (1912)

Greek cruiser Georgios Averof

Greek destroyer Adrias

Greek destroyer Aetos

Greek destroyer Aspis

Greek destroyer Hydra (D 97)

Greek destroyer Ierax

Greek destroyer Kountouriotis (D 99)

Greek destroyer Leon

Greek destroyer Niki

Greek destroyer Panthir

Greek destroyer Psara (D 96)

Greek destroyer Spetsai (D 98)

Greek destroyer Thyella

Greek destroyer Vasilefs Georgios (D 14)

Greek destroyer Vasilissa Olga (D 15)

Greek National Socialist Party

Greek People's Liberation Army

Greek Resistance

Greek submarine Katsonis (Y-1)

Greek submarine Papanikolis (Y-2)

Greek torpedo boat Kios

Greek torpedo boat Kydonia

Greek torpedo boat Kyzikos

Greek torpedo boat Pergamos

Greek torpedo boat Proussa

Green box barrage

Green Gang

Green Line (Italy)

Green report

Green Skull

Green St. Bunker, West End

Greenock Blitz

Greensboro massacre

Grégoire Laurent

Gregor Strasser

Gregorij Rožman

Gregory Arnolin

Gregory Breit

Grégory Paisley

Grégory Pujol

Gregory Rabassa

Grégory Wimbée

Grenelle

Grenoble Cathedral

Grenoble Foot 38

Grenoble Institute of Technology

Grenoble

Greta Bösel

Greta Ferusic

Greta Keller

Grey Ranks (role-playing game)

Greyshirts

Gribovski G-11

Grigore Cugler

Grigore Gafencu

Grigore Preoteasa

Grigory Stelmakh

Grigory Vorozheikin

Grill (cryptology)

Grille (artillery)

Grini concentration camp

Grits Gresham

Grivnik brigade

Grob G 115

Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery

Grojanowski Report

Grønsvik coastal battery

Gross-Rosen concentration camp

Großdeutschland Division

Groton-New London Airport

Ground Observer Corps

Group 13

Group Army

Groupe de Chasse I/3

Grumman Goose

Gruppenführer

Gruppenkommandeur

Grzegorz Timofiejew

Gu Zhutong

Guadalcanal (1992 game)

Guadalcanal Campaign

Guadalcanal Diary (book)

Guadalcanal Diary (film)

Gualberto Villarroel

Guan Linzheng

Guangzhou Military Region

Guangzhou Uprising

Guards Armoured Division

Guards Mixed Brigade

Gudrun Burwitz

Guenther Podola

Guépard-class destroyer

Guerlain

Guglielmo Nasi

Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target

Guide Gift Week

Guido Castelnuovo

Guido Knopp

Guildhall, London

Guillaume Apollinaire

Guillaume Budé

Guillaume de Baillou

Guillaume Dubois

Guillaume Gallienne

Guillaume Norbert

Guillaume Postel

Guillaume Rippert

Guillaume Sarkozy

Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes

Guillermo Hayden Wright

Guilty Men

Guimet Museum

Guinea Pig Club

Guinguette

Guizhou JL-9

Gulbrand Oscar Johan Lunde

Gumbinnen Operation

Gun politics in Germany

Gunbatsu

Gung Ho! (1943 film)

Gunichi Mikawa

Gunnar Holmberg

Gunnar Jahn

Gunnar Larsson (cross-country skier)

Gunnar Lindström

Gunnar Sköld

Gunnar Sønsteby

Günter Bialas

Gunter d'Alquen

Günter Deckert

Günter Grass

Gunter Jahn

Günter Kießling

Günter Reimann

Günter Steinhausen

Günter Zöller

Günther Anhalt

Günther Blumentritt

Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn

Günther Josten

Günther Korten

Günther Krappe

Günther Lütjens

Günther Lützow

Günther Pancke

Günther Prien

Günther Rall

Günther Schack

Günther Scheel

Günther Schwägermann

Günther Seeger

Günther Smend

Günther Specht

Günther Viezenz

Günther von Kluge

Günther-Eberhardt Wisliceny

Guo Boxiong

Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon

Gurli Ewerlund

Gus George Bebas

Gus Kefurt

Gus Savage

Gust J. Swenning

Gustaf Carlsson

Gustaf Dyrssen

Gustaf Hagelin

Gustaf Söderström

Gustaf Weijnarth

Gustav Adolf Scheel

Gustav Adolf von Götzen

Gustav Anton von Wietersheim

Gustav Flatow

Gustav Goßler

Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach

Gustav Moths

Gustav Rau

Gustav Richter

Gustav Ritter von Kahr

Gustav Rödel

Gustav Schwarzenegger

Gustav Simon

Gustav Sprick

Gustav Sturm

Gustav V of Sweden

Gustav Victor Rudolf Born

Gustav von Vaerst

Gustav Wagner (soldier)

Gustav Weler

Gustáv Wendrinský

Gustav-Adolf Blancbois

Gustav-Adolf von Zangen

Gustave Bertrand

Gustave Biéler

Gustave Caillebotte

Gustave de Molinari

Gustave Doré

Gustave Gilbert

Gustave Hervé

Gustave Lanctot

Gustave Moreau

Gustave Sandras

Gustave Thuret

Gustavo Poyet

Gustaw Herling-Grudziński

Gustaw Holoubek

Gustaw Morcinek

Gusztáv Vitéz Jány

Guy Armoured Car

Guy Butler (athlete)

Guy D'Artois

Guy Gabaldon

Guy Gibson

Guy Gregson

Guy Lacombe

Guy Lizard

Guy Madison

Guy Menzies

Guy Môquet (Paris Métro)

Guy Môquet

Guy Russell

Guy S. Meloy, Jr.

Guy Sajer

Guy Salisbury-Jones

Guy Simonds

Gwardia Ludowa WRN

Gwardia Ludowa

Gwido Langer

Győző Haberfeld

Gyokuon-hōsō

György Beifeld

György Gábori

Gyorshadtest

Gyula Cseszneky

Gyula Halasy

Gyula Kakas

Gyula Strausz

Lady Frances Webster

Lady Frances Caroline Wedderburn-Webster (née Annesley; 1793–1837) was the daughter of Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Mountnorris and Sarah, daughter of Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet.Reputedly Lord Byron and the Duke of Wellington were among her lovers, although neither of these affairs may have gone beyond flirtation. On hearing of her affair with Wellington, a jealous Byron penned a poem entitled "When We Two Parted". She gave her first son "Byron" as a middle name, and a later son she named "George Gordon". The 2008 book Byron and the Websters : the letters and entangled lives of the poet, Sir James Webster and Lady Frances Webster describes more of their lives.She also took as her lover the Regency dandy Scrope Berdmore Davies.

Lally

Lalli or Lally is a Punjabi surname for the people belonging to various Punjab villages like Lallian Khurd Village near Lambran, Tahli and Nangal shama in Jalandhar. It is associated with the Jatt Sikhs. Its variants include Lally, Lalli and Lali. Lalli or Lally were one of the first Jatt casts in Punjab. They are known to have royal ancestry and are found in Punjab India as well as Abington.

Irish: reduced form of Mullally. French (L’Ally): habitational name for someone who came from either of two places called Ally. French: variant of Laly, a habitational name from a place so named.

Les Actes des Apotres

Les Actes des Apotres (French: The Acts of the Apostles) was a French royalist newspaper that was published from 1789 to 1791 during the French Revolution.

The first number of Les Actes appeared on November 2, 1789, and subsequent issues at two-day intervals thereafter. Edited by Antoine de Rivarol, its contributors included Louis de Champcenetz, Gérard de Lally-Tollendal, the Comte de Montlosier, Jean-Gabriel Peltier, and Francois Suleau.The paper's editorial tone was variously described as satirical, cynical, and "scurrilous and obscene". The historian L. G. Wickham Legg wrote of Les Actes, "The royalist paper, indeed, is composed, not so much of comments on the events of the time, as of personal attacks directed against all who differ, even slightly, from the writers." Its authors expressed "a blind hatred for the people, and for the crowd of women who had dared to shake the pedestal of the monarchy. These men met at 'evangelical banquets'...They specialized in humorous denunciations of the patriots' 'plots', and embraced the dogma of monarchy at a time when it seemed most threatened." According to Henri Van Laun,

It was, once again, the natural French weapon in the hands of Frenchmen, satire of the most delicate kind, alternating with satire of a kind by no means delicate, irony, persifflage, innuendo, suggestion which cut and wounded to the quick, and which was more formidable, and consequently more resented, than the most outrageous invective or the most severe logic.Occasionally the objects of the paper's scorn retaliated with violence, including an incident in which a Paris mob publicly burned copies of Les Actes as a gesture of defiance.The paper ceased publication in October 1791. The Catholic Encyclopedia would later describe it as "the most important organ of the Royalist opposition."Les Actes des Apotres is mentioned repeatedly in Rafael Sabatini's novel Scaramouche, where it is characterized as "the mocking organ of the Privileged party, so light-heartedly and provocatively edited by a group of gentlemen afflicted by a singular mental myopy."

List of members of the Académie française

This is a list of members of the Académie française (French Academy) by seat number. The primary professions of the academicians are noted. The dates shown indicate the terms of the members, who generally serve for life. Some, however, were "excluded" during the reorganisations of 1803 and 1816 and at other times.

Monarchiens

The Friends of the Monarchist Constitution (French: Amis de la Constitution Monarchique), commonly known as the Monarchist Club (French: Club monarchique) or the Monarchiens, were one of the revolutionary factions in the earliest stages of the French Revolution. The Monarchiens were briefly a centrist stabilising force criticized by the left-wing of the National Constituent Assembly, the spectators in the galleries and the patriotic press. Established in August 1789, the Monarchist Club was quickly swept away. Specifically, the brief movement developed when the Revolution was shifting away from the Ancien Régime during the Spring of 1789 and was defeated by the end of 1789. Subsequently, the term itself is usually derogatory.

Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally

Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, baron de Tollendal (13 January 1702 – 9 May 1766) was a French general of Irish Jacobite ancestry. Lally commanded French forces, including two battalions of his own red-coated Regiment of Lally of the Irish Brigade, in India during the Seven Years' War. After a failed attempt to capture Madras he lost the Battle of Wandiwash to British forces under Eyre Coote and then was forced to surrender the remaining French post at Pondicherry. After a time spent as a prisoner of war in Britain, Lally voluntarily returned to France to face charges where he was beheaded for his alleged failures in India. Ultimately the jealousies and disloyalties of other officers, together with insufficient resources and limited naval support prevented Lally from securing India for France. In 1778, he was publicly exonerated by Louis XVI of his alleged crime.