Dennis J. "Denny" O'Neil (born May 3, 1939)[4] is an American comic book writer and editor, principally for Marvel Comics and DC Comics from the 1960s through the 1990s, and Group Editor for the Batman family of titles until his retirement.
His best-known works include Green Lantern/Green Arrow and Batman with Neal Adams, The Shadow with Michael Kaluta and The Question with Denys Cowan. As an editor, he is principally known for editing the various Batman titles. As of 2013, he sits on the board of directors of the charity The Hero Initiative and serves on its Disbursement Committee.[5]
Dennis O'Neil | |
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![]() O'Neil at the 2009 Brooklyn Book Festival | |
Born | Dennis J. O'Neil[1] May 3, 1939 St. Louis, Missouri |
Nationality | American |
Area(s) | Writer, Editor |
Pseudonym(s) | Sergius O'Shaughnessy[2] Jim Dennis[3] |
Notable works | Batman (comic book), Green Lantern/Green Arrow, The Question, Iron Man, The Amazing Spider-Man, Daredevil |
Awards | Shazam Award, 1970, 1971 |
O'Neil was born into a Catholic household in St. Louis, Missouri. On Sunday afternoons he would accompany his father or his grandfather to the store for some light groceries and an occasional comic book.[2] O'Neil graduated from St. Louis University around the turn of the 1960s with a degree centered on English literature, creative writing, and philosophy. From there he joined the U.S. Navy just in time to participate in the blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis.[2]
After leaving the Navy, O'Neil moved on to a job with a newspaper in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. O'Neil wrote bi-weekly columns for the youth page, and during the slow summer months he filled the space with a series on the revival of the comics industry.[6] This attracted the attention of Roy Thomas, who would eventually himself become one of the great names in the history of the medium.[2]
When Roy Thomas left DC Comics to work for Stan Lee at Marvel Comics, he suggested that O'Neil take the Marvel writer's test, which involved adding dialogue to a wordless four-page excerpt of a Fantastic Four comic. O'Neil's entry resulted in Lee offering O'Neil a job.[2] O'Neil had never considered writing for comics, and later said he'd done the test "kind of as a joke. I had a couple of hours on a Tuesday afternoon, so instead of doing crossword puzzles, I did the writer's test."[6]
When Marvel's expansion made it impossible for Lee to continue writing the company's entire line of books, Lee passed as much on to Roy Thomas as he could, but still needed writers, so O'Neil took the reins for a short-term run of Doctor Strange stories in Strange Tales, penning six issues. He also wrote dialog for such titles as Rawhide Kid and Millie the Model, as well as scripting the final 13 pages of Daredevil #18 over a plot by Lee, when Lee went on vacation.
O'Neil and artist Neal Adams revived the Professor X character in X-Men #65[7] in one of the creative team's earliest collaborations.[8]
The available jobs writing for Marvel petered out fairly quickly, and O'Neil took a job with Charlton Comics under the pseudonym of Sergius O'Shaugnessy.[2] There he received regular work for a year and a half from Charlton's editor Dick Giordano.[2]
In 1968 Dick Giordano was offered an editorial position at DC Comics and took a number of Charlton freelancers with him, including O'Neil. Charlton talent arrived at DC from a different culture of comics. At DC, the office seemed like a snapshot from 1950, with a crowd of short-haired men in white shirts and ties. The jeans-wearing, hippy trended Charlton crowd visibly represented a different generation.
O'Neil's first assignments involved two strategies for bolstering DC's sales. One approach centered on the creation of new characters, and O'Neil scripted several issues of Beware the Creeper, a series starring a new hero, The Creeper, created by artist Steve Ditko. From there, DC moved O'Neil to Wonder Woman and Justice League of America. With artist Mike Sekowsky, he took away Wonder Woman's powers,[9] exiled her from the Amazon community, and set her off, uncostumed, into international intrigues with her blind mentor, I Ching. These changes did not sit well with Wonder Woman's older fans, particularly feminists, and O'Neil acknowledged that de-powering DC's most well-known superheroine had unintentionally alienated readers.[10] In Justice League, he had more success, introducing into that title the first socially and politically themed stories, setting the stage for later work on Green Lantern/Green Arrow.[2] He and artist Dick Dillin made several changes to the membership of the JLA by removing founding members the Martian Manhunter and Wonder Woman.[11]
Following the lead set by Bob Haney and Neal Adams in a Brave and the Bold story that visually redefined Green Arrow into the version that appeared in comics between 1969 and 1986, O'Neil stripped him of his wealth and playboy status, making him an urban hero. This redefinition would culminate in the character that appeared in Green Lantern/Green Arrow, with many stories also drawn by Adams, a socially conscious, left-wing creation that effectively took over Green Lantern's book to use him as a foil and straw man in sounding out the political concepts that would define that work.[2][12] It was during this period that the most famous Green Arrow story appeared, in Green Lantern #85–86, when it was revealed that Green Arrow's ward Speedy was addicted to heroin.[13][14] As a result of his work on Green Lantern and Green Arrow, O'Neil recounted, "I went from total obscurity to seeing my name featured in The New York Times and being invited to do talk shows. It's by no means an unmixed blessing. That messed up my head pretty thoroughly for a couple of years. ... Deteriorating marriage, bad habits, deteriorating relationships with human beings – with anything that wasn't a typewriter, in fact. It was a bad few years there."[6]
O'Neil's 1970s run on the Batman titles, under the direction of editor Julius Schwartz,[15] is perhaps his best-known endeavor, getting back to the character's darker roots after a period dominated by the campiness of the 1960s TV series.[16] Comics historian Les Daniels observed that "O'Neil's interpretation of Batman as a vengeful obsessive-compulsive, which he modestly describes as a return to the roots, was actually an act of creative imagination that has influenced every subsequent version of the Dark Knight."[17] O'Neil and Adams' creation Ra's al Ghul was introduced in the story "Daughter of the Demon" in Batman #232 (June 1971)[18] O'Neil and artist Bob Brown also created Talia al Ghul.[19] During this period, O'Neil frequently teamed up with his regular collaborator Adams (with Giordano often assisting on inks) on a number of memorable issues of both Batman and Detective Comics. The creative team would revive Two-Face in Batman #234 (Aug. 1971)[20] and revitalize the Joker in "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge!" in Batman #251 (Sept. 1973), a landmark story bringing the character back to his roots as a homicidal maniac who murders people on a whim and delights in his mayhem.[21][22] O'Neil and Giordano created the Batman supporting character Leslie Thompkins in the story "There Is No Hope in Crime Alley" appearing in Detective Comics #457 (March 1976).[23] O'Neil and artist Don Newton killed the original version of Batwoman in Detective Comics #485 (Aug.–Sept. 1979).[24] He wrote a short Christmas story, "Wanted: Santa Claus – Dead or Alive", for DC Special Series #21 (Spring 1980) which featured Frank Miller's first art on a Batman story.[25]
When Julius Schwartz became the editor of Superman with issue #233 (Jan. 1971), he had O'Neil and artist Curt Swan streamline the Superman mythos, starting with the elimination of Kryptonite.[26] In 1973, O'Neil wrote revivals of two characters for which DC had recently acquired the publishing rights. A new series featuring the original Captain Marvel was launched with a February cover date and featured art by the character's original artist C. C. Beck.[27] Later that same year, O'Neil and artist Michael Kaluta produced an "atmospheric interpretation" of the 1930s pulp hero in The Shadow series.[28] In 1975, O'Neil wrote a comic book adaptation of the 1930s hero The Avenger.[29] A revival of the Green Lantern title in 1976 was launched by O'Neil and artist Mike Grell.[30] Reuniting with Adams, O'Neil co-wrote the oversize Superman vs. Muhammad Ali (1978) which Adams has called a personal favorite of their collaborations.[31]
Upon O'Neil's return to Marvel Comics in 1980, he took on the scripting chores for The Amazing Spider-Man, which he did for a year. O'Neil wrote two issues of The Amazing Spider-Man Annual which were both drawn by Frank Miller. The 1980 Annual featured a team-up with Doctor Strange[32] while the 1981 Annual showcased a meeting with the Punisher.[33] He and artist John Romita Jr. introduced Madame Web in The Amazing Spider-Man #210[34] and Hydro-Man in #212.[35] O'Neil was the regular scripter for Iron Man from 1982–1986, and Daredevil, from 1983–1985. During his run on Iron Man, O'Neil introduced Obadiah Stane, later the Iron Monger, plunged Tony Stark back into alcoholism, turned Jim Rhodes into Iron Man,[36] and created the Silver Centurion armor. O'Neil's run on Daredevil bridged the gap between Frank Miller's two runs on the title, usually with David Mazzucchelli as artist. He introduced Yuriko Oyama during his stint, who would later become the popular X-Men villain Lady Deathstrike. While working for Marvel, he helped write the original character concept for the Transformers, and is credited as the person who named Optimus Prime.
After returning to DC Comics in 1986, he became the editor of the various Batman titles and served in that capacity until 2000.[37] In February 1987, O'Neil began writing The Question ongoing series which was primarily drawn by Denys Cowan.[38] Between the years of 1988 and 1990, O'Neil would return to Green Arrow writing the annuals alongside the main title. Because he was also in charge of The Question, he would appear in all three annuals that he wrote. The Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight series began in 1989 with the five-part "Shaman" storyline by O'Neil and artist Ed Hannigan.[39] Armageddon 2001 was a 1991 crossover event storyline. It ran through a self-titled, two issue limited series and most of the annuals DC published that year from May through October. Each participating annual explored potential possible futures for its main characters. The series was written by O'Neil and Archie Goodwin and drawn by Dan Jurgens.[40] He and artist Joe Quesada created the character Azrael, who was introduced in the miniseries Batman: Sword of Azrael in 1992.[41] That same year, O'Neil wrote the Batman: Birth of the Demon hardcover graphic novel.[42] Another DC one-shot that O'Neil wrote in 1992 was Batman/Green Arrow: The Poison Tomorrow, where he would write his final story with the Green Arrow character.
O'Neil has written several novels, comics, short stories, reviews and teleplays, including the novelizations of the films Batman Begins[43] and The Dark Knight.[44] Under the pseudonym Jim Dennis with writer Jim Berry,[3] O'Neil scripted a series of novels about a kung fu character named Richard Dragon, and later adapted those novels to comic book form for DC.[3][45]
O'Neil writes a column for ComicMix.[46]
Joining Marvel's editorial staff in 1980, O'Neil edited Daredevil during Frank Miller's run as writer/artist.[2] He fired writer Roger McKenzie so that Miller could both write and pencil Daredevil, a decision which then-Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter says saved the series from cancellation.[47] O'Neil encouraged Miller to develop a believable fighting style for Daredevil, and according to Miller, this directly led to his incorporating martial arts into Daredevil and later Ronin.[48] In the early to mid-1980s, O'Neil edited such Marvel titles as Alpha Flight, Power Man and Iron Fist, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, and Moon Knight.[49]
According to Bob Budiansky, O'Neil came up with the name for the Transformer Optimus Prime, leader of the Autobots.[50]
In 1986, O'Neil moved over to DC as an editor, becoming group editor for the company's Batman titles. Speaking about his role in the death of character Jason Todd, O'Neil remarked:
It changed my mind about what I do for a living. Superman and Batman have been in continuous publication for over half a century, and it's never been true of any fictional construct before. These characters have a lot more weight than the hero of a popular sitcom that lasts maybe four years. They have become postindustrial folklore, and part of this job is to be the custodian of folk figures. Everybody on Earth knows Batman and Robin.[51]
O'Neil has said that he sees editing as a support role which should be invisible to the reader, and that if it were his choice his name would not appear in the credits when working as an editor, only when working as a writer.[6]
O'Neil spent several years in the late 1990s teaching a Writing for the Comics course at Manhattan's School of Visual Arts, sometimes sharing duties with fellow comic book writer John Ostrander.
O'Neil is married to Marifran O'Neil.[52] He is the father of writer/director/producer Lawrence O'Neil, best known for the 1997 film Breast Men starring David Schwimmer.[53]
O'Neil's work has won him a great deal of recognition in the comics industry, including the Shazam Awards for Best Continuing Feature Green Lantern/Green Arrow,[54] Best Individual Story for "No Evil Shall Escape My Sight" in Green Lantern #76 (with Neal Adams),[54] for Best Writer (Dramatic Division) in 1970[54] for Green Lantern, Batman, Superman, and other titles, and Best Individual Story for "Snowbirds Don't Fly" in Green Lantern #85 (with Neal Adams) in 1971.[55]
O'Neil was given a Goethe Award in 1971 for "Favorite Pro Writer"[56] and was a nominee for the same award in 1973. He shared a 1971 Goethe Award with artist Neal Adams for "Favorite Comic-Book Story" for "No Evil Shall Escape My Sight."
O'Neil received an Inkpot Award in 1981[57] and in 1985, DC Comics named O'Neil as one of the honorees in the company's 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great.[58]
In The Batman Adventures—the first DC Comics spinoff of Batman: The Animated Series—O'Neil appears as The Perfesser, one of a screwball trio of incompetent super-villains that also includes The Mastermind (a caricature of Mike Carlin) and Mr. Nice (a caricature of Archie Goodwin). The Perfesser is depicted as a tall, pipe-smoking genius who often gets lost in his own thoughts, and who regularly forgets to give his criminal friends crucial information in planning their heists. (For example, after carefully planning a hotel robbery, the trio arrives at the hotel's location to find a vacant lot. The Perfesser then remembers that the hotel was torn down several years ago.) He is also shown to perhaps be smarter than Batman, as he manages to figure out the Riddler's riddle in the third part of The Last Riddler Story, when Batman himself did not.
Writer Dennis O'Neil revealed that it was not Xavier who had perished but a shape-shifter called the Changeling...This epic tale provided an appropriately grand finale for the work of legendary artist Neal Adams."CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Carmine Infantino wanted to rejuvenate what had been perceived as a tired Wonder Woman, so he assigned writer Denny O'Neil and artist Mike Sekowsky to convert the Amazon Princess into a secret agent. Wonder Woman was made over into an Emma Peel type and what followed was arguably the most controversial period in the hero's history.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Editor Julius Schwartz had decided to darken the character's world to further distance him from the camp environment created by the 1966 ABC show. Bringing in the talented O'Neil as well as the innovative Frank Robbins and showcasing the art of rising star Neal Adams...Schwartz pointed Batman in a new and darker direction, a path the character still continues on to this day.
Two-Face was reintroduced for the Bronze Age in this collaboration by writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Writer Denny O'Neil and artist Frank Miller...used their considerable talents in this rare collaboration that teamed two other legends – Dr. Strange and Spider-Man.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Give Denny O'Neil credit for that. He started it by naming Optimus Prime. Generally, Hasbro wanted more literal names for most of the toys, but for some of the really major toys, they preferred names with more grandeur to them.
Preceded by Gardner Fox |
Justice League of America writer 1968–1970 |
Succeeded by Robert Kanigher |
Preceded by Frank Robbins |
Detective Comics writer 1970–1972 |
Succeeded by Frank Robbins |
Preceded by Frank Robbins |
Batman writer 1970–1975 |
Succeeded by David V. Reed |
Preceded by Mike Friedrich |
Green Lantern writer 1970–1972 and 1976–1980 |
Succeeded by Bob Rozakis |
Preceded by Len Wein |
Justice League of America writer 1975 |
Succeeded by Cary Bates |
Preceded by Len Wein |
Detective Comics writer 1978–1980 |
Succeeded by Cary Burkett |
Preceded by Marv Wolfman |
The Amazing Spider-Man writer 1980–1981 |
Succeeded by Roger Stern |
Preceded by David Michelinie |
Iron Man writer 1982–1986 |
Succeeded by Danny Fingeroth |
Preceded by Frank Miller |
Daredevil writer 1983–1985 |
Succeeded by Frank Miller |
Preceded by Len Wein |
Batman Group Editor 1986–2000 |
Succeeded by Bob Schreck |
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Heroes for Hope featured some memorable artist/writer and penciler/inker pairings, including Stan Lee and John Buscema; Stephen King and Bernie Wrightson; Moore and Richard Corben; Harlan Ellison, Frank Miller, and Bill Sienkiewicz; Mike Baron and Steve Rude, Howard Chaykin inked by Walt Simonson; and John Byrne and Terry Austin reuniting on the X-Men.
I Ching (comics)I Ching (often spelled I-Ching) is a fictional, blind martial artist published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Wonder Woman vol. 1 #179 (November 1968), and was created by Denny O'Neil and Mike Sekowsky.
Iron MongerIron Monger is an identity used by several fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first character to use the alias is Obadiah Stane, who first appeared in Iron Man #163 (October 1982). Created by Dennis O'Neil and Luke McDonnell, the Iron Monger armor first appeared in Iron Man #200 (November 1985).
KaluuKaluu is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Leslie ThompkinsDr. Leslie Maurin Thompkins (sometimes spelled Tompkins) is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, and most frequently associated with Batman.
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Maxie ZeusMaximilian "Maxie" Zeus is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. He is a delusional criminal mastermind who believes that he is the god Zeus and is an occasional enemy of Batman.
Professor OjoProfessor Ojo is a DC Comics supervillain. His main enemies are Richard Dragon and Green Lantern. Ojo is the Spanish word for "eye".
Richard DragonRichard Dragon is a fictional comic book character created by Dennis O'Neil and James R. Berry in the novel Kung Fu Master, Richard Dragon: Dragon's Fists (1974) under the pseudonym "Jim Dennis". O'Neil later adapted the character for DC Comics in the comic book Richard Dragon, Kung Fu Fighter.Dragon is a thief who was trained in martial arts and decides to use his abilities for good. Along with Batman, Bronze Tiger, Black Canary, and Lady Shiva he is considered one of the top martial artists in the DC Universe.
In DC's The New 52 continuity, Jeff Lemire introduced a new villanous character going by the name Richard Dragon, who was later revealed to be Ricardo Diaz, Jr., and to have been mentored by and killed the original heroic Richard Dragon. This later version of the character is subsequently adapted for the live-action TV series Arrow, portrayed by Kirk Acevedo and going by the name the "Dragon".
Superman vs. Muhammad AliSuperman vs. Muhammad Ali is an oversize celebrity comics comic book published by DC Comics in 1978. The 72-page book features Superman teaming up with the heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali to defeat an alien invasion of Earth. It was based on an original story by Dennis O'Neil which was adapted by Neal Adams, with pencils by Adams, and figure inks by Dick Giordano with background inks by Terry Austin.
The Joker (comic book)The Joker is a comic book series published by DC Comics starring the super-villain the Joker. It ran nine issues from May 1975 until October 1976.
The Man Who Falls"The Man Who Falls" is a 1989 comic book story by Dennis O'Neil and Dick Giordano. It is an overview of Bruce Wayne's early life, including his parents' murder, his time spent traveling and training throughout the world, and his return to Gotham City to become Batman.
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