1919 Estonian Constituent Assembly election
The Estonian Constituent Assembly (Estonian: Asutav kogu) was elected on 5–7 April 1919,[1] called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. The Assembly was elected by party-list proportional representation in one nationwide district using the D'Hondt method.[2] Eligible voters included soldiers at the front. The elections were won by left-wing and centrist parties.[3]
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120 seats in the Constituent Assembly 61 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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History
The 120 members of the Constituent Assembly met at the opening session on 23 April 1919, the birthday of the Estonian Parliament[1] and elected the chairman, Social Democrat August Rei. On 7 May the Assembly passed the Public Elementary Schools Act: The principle of compulsory and free primary 6-year elementary school education was established.[4]
On 8 May 1919 the Estonian provisional government resigned, and the first fully democratically elected Government of Estonia headed by Prime Minister Otto Strandman (Estonian Labor Party) took office. On 15 May the assembly reaffirmed the Estonian Declaration of Independence, aimed at the international community for recognizing Estonia as an independent state.
On 4 June 1919 the Assembly adopted a temporary Constitution of Estonia, and on 10 October 1919 The Land Reform Act was passed which confiscated and redistributed the Baltic German estates, ending the 700 years possession of the regions that the Germans had gained after the Livonian Crusade.[5]
On 13 February the Peace Treaty of Tartu was ratified, signed by Estonia and Russian SFSR on 2 February. The first Constitution of Estonia was adopted on 15 June 1920. After the constitution had entered into effect and the first parliamentary elections were held, the Constituent Assembly disbanded itself on 20 December 1920.[3]
Results
| Party | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party | 152,341 | 33.3 | 41 |
| Estonian Labour Party | 114,879 | 25.1 | 30 |
| Estonian People's Party | 94,892 | 20.7 | 25 |
| Rural League | 29,989 | 6.5 | 8 |
| Socialists-Revolutionaries | 26,536 | 5.8 | 7 |
| Christian Democratic Party | 20,157 | 4.4 | 5 |
| German-Baltic Party | 11,462 | 2.5 | 3 |
| Russian National Union | 5,765 | 1.3 | 1 |
| Party of the Residents of Hiiumaa Island | 1,090 | 0.2 | 0 |
| All-Estonian Sailors' Union | 795 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Total | 457,906 | 100 | 120 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 653,000 | 70.1 | – |
| Source: McHale,[6] Nohlen & Stöver[2] | |||
References
- ^ a b Chronology at riigikogu.ee
- ^ a b Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p581 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ a b Historical Dictionary of Estonia; p. 140 ISBN 0-8108-4904-6
- ^ "Public Elementary Schools Act at Estonian Historical Archives". Archived from the original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
- ^
Meyendorff, Alexander Feliksovich (1922). . In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York. pp. 10–13.
- ^ Vincent E McHale (1983) Political parties of Europe, Greenwood Press, p397 ISBN 0-313-23804-9
Meyendorff, Alexander Feliksovich (1922). External links
- Minutes (first session)
- Minutes (second session)
- Minutes (third session)
- Minutes (fourth session)
- Minutes (fifth session)
The following elections occurred in the year 1919.
Armenian parliamentary election, 1919
Austria
de:Landtagswahl in Niederösterreich 1919
de:Landtagswahl in Oberösterreich 1919
de:Landtagswahl in Salzburg 1919
de:Landtagswahl in der Steiermark 1919
de:Landtagswahl in Tirol 1919
de:Landtagswahl in Vorarlberg 1919
Belgian general election, 1919
Brazilian presidential election, 1919
Estonian Constituent Assembly election, 1919
Finnish parliamentary election, 1919
French legislative election, 1919
German federal election, 1919
Free State of Prussia: constitutional convention elected on 26 January 1919
Republic of Baden: constitutional convention elected 12 January 1919
Freistaat Bremen:
election of an 'Arbeiter- und Soldatenrat' on 6 January 1919
election of a constitutional convention on 9 March 1919
Hamburg: election of the Hamburg Parliament on 16 March 1919
People's State of Hesse: election of a constitutional convention on 26 January 1919
Honduran general election, 1919 (October)
Italian general election, 1919
Liberian general election, 1919
Luxembourgian legislative election, 1919
Newfoundland general election, 1919
Norwegian local elections, 1919
Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1919
Philippine Senate elections, 1919
Philippine legislative election, 1919
Polish legislative election, 1919
Salvadoran presidential election, 1919
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